164. Given below some Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART). Which of the following techniques are related with invitro fertilization (IVF) :-
(a) ZIFT
(b) ICSI
(c) AI
(d) IUT
(e) GIFT

Options

A. `a, b, c, e `
B. `a, c, e `
C. `a, b, d `
D. `a, b, c, d, e `

Answer

To solve the question regarding which Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) are related to in vitro fertilization (IVF), we will analyze each option provided.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Question**: We need to identify which of the given ART techniques are associated with in vitro fertilization (IVF).

2. **Analyzing Each Option**:
- **(a) ZIFT (Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer)**: This technique involves transferring a zygote into the fallopian tube after fertilization has occurred in vitro. Therefore, ZIFT is related to IVF.
- **(b) ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection)**: This is a procedure where a single sperm is injected directly into an egg, which is a part of the IVF process. Hence, ICSI is also related to IVF.
- **(c) AI (Artificial Insemination)**: This technique involves introducing sperm into the female reproductive tract without direct fertilization in vitro. It is not directly related to IVF, as it does not involve fertilization outside the body.
- **(d) IUT (Intrauterine Transfer)**: This method involves placing embryos directly into the uterus after fertilization, but it is not specifically classified under IVF techniques, as it does not involve the fertilization process occurring in vitro.
- **(e) GIFT (Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer)**: This technique involves placing both eggs and sperm into the fallopian tubes, allowing fertilization to occur naturally. While it is related to assisted reproduction, it is not strictly an IVF technique since fertilization happens inside the body.

3. **Conclusion**: Based on the analysis:
- Techniques related to IVF: ZIFT (a), ICSI (b)
- Techniques not directly related to IVF: AI (c), IUT (d), GIFT (e)

Thus, the correct options that are related to in vitro fertilization are **(a) ZIFT and (b) ICSI**.

### Final Answer:
The techniques related to in vitro fertilization (IVF) are **(a) ZIFT and (b) ICSI**.