Explain the Grignard reagents preparation and application with suitable example.

Explanation

`to` Alkyl magnesium halides are generally called as Grignard reagently .
Preparation : These are prepared by the treatment of alkyl halides with magnesium metal in presence of dry ether .
Eg : `CH_(3) Br + Mg overset("dry Ether")(to) CH_(3) MgBr` Methyl Magnesium Bromide
`CH_(3) CH_(2) Cl + Mg overset("dry Ether")(to) CH_(3) CH_(2) Mg Cl` Ethyl magnesium chloride
Applications :
`to` Grignard reagents have wide applications in the synthesis of large no. of organic compounds .
1) Preparation of alkanes :
Grignard reagents reacts with alcohols and forces alkanes .
`CH_(3) Mg Br + C_(2) H_(5) OH to underset("Methane")(CH_(4) + C_(2)) H_(5)O MgBr`
`CH_(3) CH_(2) MgCl + C_(2) H_(5) OH to underset("Ethane")(C_(2)H_(6) + ) C_(2) H_(5) O Mg Br`
2) Preparation of alcohols : Ethylalcohol is obtained by the action of Methyl magnesium bromide on formal dehyde followed by the hydrolysis .

3) Preparation of carboxylicacids :
Grignard reagent on carboxylation followed by the hydrolysis to form carboxylic acids .
`underset(MgBr)overset(CH_(3))(|) + underset(O)underset(||)overset(O)overset(||)(C) to CH_(3)- overset(O Mg Br)underset(O)underset(||)(C)= overset(H^(+) , H_(2)O)underset(Mg (OH) Br)(to) underset("Acetic acid ")(CH_(3) - overset(OH)overset(|)underset(O)underset(||)(C))`