Explain Clemenson's reduction and Wolf Kishmer reduction reactions.

Explanation

1) Clemenson's reduction : In this reaction carbonyl group is reduced to `CH_(2)` hence aldehdes and ketones are directly converted into alkanes. The reduction agent in this reaction is zinc amalgam and concentrated HCl.
`R-underset(O)underset(||)C-H+4(H) overset(Zn-Hg//HCl)to underset("alkane")(R-CH_(3)+H_(2)O)`
`R-underset(O)underset(|)C-R+4(H)overset(Zn-Hg//HCl)to underset("alkane")(R-CH_(2)R+H_(2)O)`
ii) Wolf Kishner reduction : In this reaction also aldehydes and ketoones are reducted to alkanes. Addition of hydrazine followed by heating in the presence of KOH in glycol gives alkanes.
`underset("aldehyde")(R-underset(H)underset(|)C=O)+H_(2)N-NH_(2) to underset("aldehyde hydrazone")(R-underset(H)underset(|)C=N-NH_(2)) underset("ethylenegly col"// Delta)overset(KOH)to underset("alkane")(R-CH_(3)+N_(2))`
`underset("aldehyde")(R-underset(O)underset(|)C=O+H_(2)N -NH_(2)) to underset("aldehyde hydrazone")(R-underset(H)underset(|)C=N-NH_(2))underset("ethylenegly col"//Delta) overset(KOH)to underset("alkane")(R-CH_(3)+N_(2))`