Does short-sightedness (myopia) or long-sightedness (hypermetropia) imply necessarily that the eye has partially lost its ability of accommodation? If not, what might cause these defects of vision ?

Explanation

No, a person may have normal ability of accommodation and yet he may be myopic or hyper metropic. Infact, myopia arises when length of eye ball gets shortened.
However, when eye ball has normal length, but the eye lens loses partially its power of accommodation, the defect is called Presbiopia.