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Geologists claim that besides the main m...

Geologists claim that besides the main magnetic N-S poles, there are several local poles on the earth's surface oriented in different directions. How is such a thing possible at all ?

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The earth's magnetic field is only approximately a dipole field. Therefore, local N-S poles may exist oriented in different directions. This is possible due to deposits of magnetised minerals.
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Figure 6.20 shows a metal rod PQ resting on the smooth rails AB and positioned between the poles of a permanent magnet. The rails, the rod, and the magnetic field are in three mutual perpendicular directions. A galvanometer G connects the rails through a switch K. Length of the rod = 15 cm, B = 0.50 T, resistance of the closed loop containing the rod = 9.0 m Omega . Assume the field to be uniform. (a) Suppose K is open and the rod is moved with a speed of 12 cm s^(-1) in the direction shown. Give the polarity and magnitude of the induced emf. (b) Is there an excess charge built up at the ends of the rods when K is open? What if K is closed? (c) With K open and the rod moving uniformly, there is no net force on the electrons in the rod PQ even though they do experience magnetic force due to the motion of the rod. Explain. (d) What is the retarding force on the rod when K is closed? (e) How much power is required (by an external agent) to keep the rod moving at the same speed (=12 cm s^(-1) ) when K is closed? How much power is required when K is open? (f ) How much power is dissipated as heat in the closed circuit? What is the source of this power? (g) What is the induced emf in the moving rod if the magnetic field is parallel to the rails instead of being perpendicular?

Two short magnets have their magnetic moments 1.2 Am^(2) and 1.0 Am^(2) .They are placed on a horizontal table parallel to each other at a distance of 20 cm between their centres , such that their north poles pointing towards geographic south .They have common magnetic euatorial line . Horizontal componet of earth 's field is 3.6xx10 ^(-5) T. Then , the resultant horizontal magnetic induction at mid point of the line joining their centres is ( (mu0)/(4pi)=10^(-7)N//m)

An orbital is designated by certain values of first three quantum numbers (n, l and m) and according to Pauli.s exclusion principle, no two electrons in a atom can have all the for quantum numbers equal. N, l and m denote size, shape and orientation of the orbital. The permissible values of n are 1,2,3.... prop while that of 1 are all possible integral values from 0 to n-n. Orbitals with same values of n and 1 but different values of m (where m can have any integral values from 1 to +1 including zero) are of equal energy and are called degenerate orbitals. However degeneracy is destroyed in homogeneous external magnetic field due to different extent of interaction between the applied field and internal electronic magnet of different orbitals differing in orientations. In octahedral magnetic field external magnetic field as oriented along axes while in tetrahedral field the applied field actas more in between the axes than that on the axes themselves. For 1=0, 1,2,3,...., the states (called sub-shells) are denoted by the symbol s,p,d,f.....respectively. After f, the subshells are denoted by letters alphabetically 1 determines orbital angular motion (L) of electron as L = sqrt(l(l+1))(h)/(2pi) ON the other hand, m determines Z-component of orbital angular momentum as L_(Z) = m((h)/(2pi)) Hund.s rule states that in degenerate orbitals electrons do not pair up unless and until each each orbitals has got an electron with parallesl spins Besides orbital motion,an electron also posses spin-motion. Spin may be clockwise and anticloskwise. Both these spin motions are called two spins states of electrons characterized by spin Q.N (s) : s = +(1)/(2) and = -(1)/(2) respectively The sum of spin Q.N. of all the electrons is called total spin(s) and 2s+1 is called spin multiplicity of the configuration as a whole. The spin angular momentum of an electron is written as L_(s) = sqrt(s(s+1))(h)/(2pi) According to Hund.s rule, the distribution of electron within the various orbitals of a given sub-shell is one which is associated with

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The sinle quantum number by Neil.s Bohr and the appearance of several spectral lines in a particular series of Hspectrum, suggest that there more than one quantum to explain all the quantized properties of an electron in a particular energy level inside the atom. If fact when the properties of the electron is transformed from Cartesian co-ordinate to polar co-ordinates then it becomes the function of r, theta and phi suggesting three independet quantum numbers. In addition to this a fourth quantum number is required to consider the spinning behaviour of an electron. The principal quantum number n suggest the orbit number in which electron revolves, Azimuthal quantum number 1 suggest the shape of orbitals, magnetic quantum number m, gives orientation of orbital in presence of external magnetic field, while spin quantum number s, gives direction of an electron about its own axis n != 0 values of "1" ranges in between 0 to (n-1), while m depends upon 1. Total number values of m = 21+1, and "m" ranges in between -1 to +1 including 0. For each electron spin will be +-(1)/(2) The two unpaired electron present in C-atom are different w.r.t their

The sinle quantum number by Neil.s Bohr and the appearance of several spectral lines in a particular series of Hspectrum, suggest that there more than one quantum to explain all the quantized properties of an electron in a particular energy level inside the atom. If fact when the properties of the electron is transformed from Cartesian co-ordinate to polar co-ordinates then it becomes the function of r, theta and phi suggesting three independet quantum numbers. In addition to this a fourth quantum number is required to consider the spinning behaviour of an electron. The principal quantum number n suggest the orbit number in which electron revolves, Azimuthal quantum number 1 suggest the shape of orbitals, magnetic quantum number m, gives orientation of orbital in presence of external magnetic field, while spin quantum number s, gives direction of an electron about its own axis n != 0 values of "1" ranges in between 0 to (n-1), while m depends upon 1. Total number values of m = 21+1, and "m" ranges in between -1 to +1 including 0. For each electron spin will be +-(1)/(2) d-orbital may contain maximum of 10 electron as for d-orbital

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VIKRAM PUBLICATION ( ANDHRA PUBLICATION)-MAGNETISM AND MATTER-Textual Exercises
  1. In which direction would a compass free to move in the vertical plane ...

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  2. The earth's field, it is claimed, roughly approximates the field due t...

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  3. Geologists claim that besides the main magnetic N-S poles, there are s...

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  4. The earth's magnetic field varies from point to point in space. Does i...

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  5. The earth's core is known to contain iron. Yet geologists do not rega...

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  6. The charged currents in the outer conducting regions of the earth's co...

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  7. The earth may have been reversed the direction of its field several ti...

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  8. The earth's field departs fromits dipole shape substantially at large ...

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  9. Interestellar space has an extremely weak magnetic field of the order ...

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  10. A short bar magnet placed with its axis at 30^(@) with a uniform exter...

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  11. A short bar magnet of magnetic moment m= 0.32 J T^(-1) is placed in a ...

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  12. A closely wound solenoid of 800 turns and area of cross section 2.5 xx...

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  13. If the solenoid is free to turn about the vertical direction and a uni...

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  14. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 1.5 JT^(-1) lies aligned with the dire...

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  15. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 1.5 JT^(-1) lies aligned with the dire...

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  16. A closely wound solenoid of 2000 turns and area of cross-section 1.6 x...

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  17. A closely wound solenoid of 2000 turns and area of cross-section 1.6 x...

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  18. A circular coil of 16 turns and radius 10 cm carrying a current of 0.7...

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  19. A magnetic needle free to rotate in a vertical plane parallel to the m...

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  20. At a certain location in Africa, a compass points 12^(@) west of the g...

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