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Which of the following has the hihest el...

Which of the following has the hihest electron gain enthalpy. Give reasons.
(a) `[Ne]3s^(2)3p^(3)` (b) `[Ne]3s^(2)3p^(4)`
( c) `[Ne]3s^(2)3p^(5)` , (d) `[Ne]3s^(2)3p^(6)`

Text Solution

Verified by Experts

Atomic number `(Z)` of `(a), (b), (c )` and `(d)` respectively are:
a. `Z = 10 + 5 = 15`, element is `P`.
b. `Z= 10 + 6 = 16`, Element is `S`.
c. `Z = 10 + 7 = 17`, Element is `Cl`.
d. `Z = 10 + 8 = 18`, Element is `Ar`.
The element chlorine corresponding to electronic configuration `(c)` has the highest electronic affinity. Halogens have `ns^(2) np^(5)` configurations due to which halogens show a strong tendency to accept an electron to acquire inert gas configuration `(ns^(2) np^(6))`. Therefore, `(c )` the highest `(-ve)` electron gain affinity value due to its very small size.
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