Compare the shapes of p-orbital and sp-hybrid orbital Which on has a greater directional orientation ?
(b) What are the hybridisation state of each C-atom in the following molecules ?
(i) Benzene (ii) `CH_(3) CH_(2) CH_(2) CH_(3)`
(iii) `HC -= CH`
(iv) `CH_(2) =CH- CH= CH_(2)`
(v) `CH_(3) - CH =CH - CH_(3)`
(c ) What hybidisation is expected on the central atom of each of the following molecules ?
(d) (i) Which molecule `AX_(3),AX_(4),AX_(5),AX_(6)` is likely to have to a trigonal bipyramid structure
(ii) If the central atom A has no lone pairs, what type of hybridisation will it have .

Explanation

The p-orbital has equal sized lobes most of the sp probability density is on one side making the latter more directrional in character
(b) `All sp^(2)` (ii) `All sp^(3)` (iii) Both sp
(iv) `All sp^(2)` (v) `sp^(3),sp^(2),sp^(2) ,sp^(3)`
(c ) (i) `sp^(2)` (ii) `sp^(3) d^(2)` (ii) `sp^(3)`
(iv) sp
(d) (i) `AX_(5)` is the only molecule with five atoms bonded to central atom it is only possible molecule listed which could be trigonal bipyramidal
(ii) In the absence of lone pairs, it must be `dsp^(3)` or `sp^(3)` d (An inner or velence d-orbital may be involved) .