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Which of the following group (s) is/are ...

Which of the following group (s) is/are m-directing ?

A

`-Cl`

B

`PhCH=CH_2`

C

`-CHO`

D

`-COOH`

Text Solution

Verified by Experts

The correct Answer is:
C, D
(c,d) Althrough halogens are deactivating by `-I` effect, they `-o` and p-directing due to `+ R` effect. `Ph-CH=CH_2` due to electromeric effect, donates `pi overline e^, s` to the benzene and stabilises intermediate `sigma-`complex and this is `o-` and p-directing.
Also, `(-CHO)` and `(-COOH)` do not have `LP overline e^, s` and thus withdraw `overline e^, s` from benzene ring and deactivate the ring at `o-` and p-position. Thus, they are m-directing.
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