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Distinguish between the following : (a...

Distinguish between the following :
(a) `MeCOCl` (ethanoyl chloride) and `(II) MeCOOH` (ethanoic acid)
(b) `(I) MeCOOEt` (ethyl acetate) and `(II) MeCONH_2` (ethanamide)
( c) `(I) Ac_2O` (acetic anhydride) and `(II) MeCOOMe` (methyl acetate)
(d) (I) `Me-overset(O)overset(||)underset(O)underset(||)(S)-NH-Me` (N-methyl metane sulphonamide) and (II) `MeCONHMe` (N-methyl ethanamide)
(e) `(I) Me-C -= N` (ethane nitrile) and `(II) MeCOOEt` (ethyl acetate).

Text Solution

Verified by Experts

(a) `(I)` on hydrolysis with `H_2 O` releases `Cl^(Ө)` which with `AgNO_3` forms white precipitate of `AgCl` insoluble in `HNO_3`.
`(II)` with `AgNO_3` also forms a white precipitate of `RCOO^(Ө) Na^(oplus)`, whereas `(II)` emits odorous `HN_3`.
( b) `(I)` saponifies with `NaOH` to give `EtOH` and `MeCOO^(Ө) Na^(oplus)`, whereas `(II)` emits odorous `NH_3` when heated with aq. `NaOH`.
( c) `(I)` is hydrolysed on warming with `H_2 O` to `CH_3 COOH` and gives acid test with litmus paper. Under these conditions, `(II)` is not hydrolysed.
(d) `(I)` dissolves in aqueous `NaOH` and forms `[MeSO_2 NMe]^(Ө) Na^(oplus)`, whereas the corresponding `H` in `(II)` is not so acidic to react with `NaOH`.
( e) Basic hydrolysis of `(I)` gives `NH_3`.
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