Identify :
(a)
(b)

Explanation

(a)
(b)
( c)
(d) Reformatsky reactions :
( e) `gamma-`Hydroxy acid on acidification and heating gives lactone.

Note : In ketone `(CH_2 = C =O), R-C -= N, R - N = C = O, R - N = C = S, NA` (nucleophilic addition) reaction takes place.
(f)
(g) The formation of `(J)` and `(K)` is hydroboration oxidation.

The formation of `(L)` is reduction by `B_2 H_6` which converts acid in the presence of keto group to alcohol.
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