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Antibiotics

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Antibiotics

In this chapter, we will discuss antibiotics where we will focus on antibiotics classification. Antibiotics are antimicrobial drugs that are obtained from other organisms such as fungus, moulds, including some soil bacteria. It helps in combating harmful microbes like viruses and others.

How are antibiotics produced?

When it comes to the production of antibiotics, the fermentation process is used for its production on a large scale. The microorganisms are induced in a chemical process in a large tank. Coming to the large tank, it contains the growth medium that helps in providing nutrition for the growth of the microorganism. In the production of antibiotics optimization of pH levels, including the oxygen, temperature, and nutrient parameter in the fermentation tank is very crucial. When the production of antibiotics gets completed, the next step is taken in the form of extraction and purification with the help of multiple physical processes. So, finally, the conversion of the purified antibiotics takes place in a crystal form.

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Passage 2 Antibiotics are the chemical substances which are produced by microorganisms like bacteria, fungi and moulds. Antibiotics can inhibit the growth or even destroy other microorganisms. Now-a-days, synthetic antibiotics are also available. The first successful antibiotic produced was penicillin. The antibiotics may be either bacteriocidal (kills the organism in the body) or bacteriostatic (inhibits the growth of organism). Ampicillin and amoxycillin are modified antibiotics. Broad spectrum antibiotics are effective against several types of harmful microorganisms. 2. Which of the following is/are not an antibiotic ?

Passage 2 Antibiotics are the chemical substances which are produced by microorganisms like bacteria, fungi and moulds. Antibiotics can inhibit the growth or even destroy other microorganisms. Now-a-days, synthetic antibiotics are also available. The first successful antibiotic produced was penicillin. The antibiotics may be either bacteriocidal (kills the organism in the body) or bacteriostatic (inhibits the growth of organism). Ampicillin and amoxycillin are modified antibiotics. Broad spectrum antibiotics are effective against several types of harmful microorganisms. 3. Which among the following antibiotics is bacteriostatic ?

Passage 2 Antibiotics are the chemical substances which are produced by microorganisms like bacteria, fungi and moulds. Antibiotics can inhibit the growth or even destroy other microorganisms. Now-a-days, synthetic antibiotics are also available. The first successful antibiotic produced was penicillin. The antibiotics may be either bacteriocidal (kills the organism in the body) or bacteriostatic (inhibits the growth of organism). Ampicillin and amoxycillin are modified antibiotics. Broad spectrum antibiotics are effective against several types of harmful microorganisms. 4. Which of the following antibiotics is/are the modification of penicillins ?

Passage 2 Antibiotics are the chemical substances which are produced by microorganisms like bacteria, fungi and moulds. Antibiotics can inhibit the growth or even destroy other microorganisms. Now-a-days, synthetic antibiotics are also available. The first successful antibiotic produced was penicillin. The antibiotics may be either bacteriocidal (kills the organism in the body) or bacteriostatic (inhibits the growth of organism). Ampicillin and amoxycillin are modified antibiotics. Broad spectrum antibiotics are effective against several types of harmful microorganisms. Answer the following questions : 1.Chloramphenicol is :

What are antibiotics ? Distinguish between narrow spectrum and broad spectrum antibiotics. Classify the following into bactericidal bacteriostatic antibiotics : Tetracycline, Penicillin, Ofloxacin and Chloramphenicol.