According to Bohr's theory of hydrogen atom, total energy of electron in a stationary orbit is `E=-13.6/(n^(2)) eV`, Where n is the number of orbit. Clearly, total energy of electron in a stationary orbit is negative, which means the electron in bound to the nucleus and is not free to leave it. An n increases, value of negative energy decreases, i.e., energy is progessively larger in the outer orbits. Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What is total energy of electron in ground state of hydrogen atom? What does it imply?
(ii) Energy required to remove an electron is smaller when atom is in any one excited state. Comment.
(ii) How is this concept translated in day to day life?

Explanation

(i) for ground state, n=1
`:. E=(-13.6)/(n^(2))eV=(-13.6)/(1^(2)) eV=-13.6eV`
It implies that 13.6eV energy is required to remove an electron form hydrogen atom in its groud state.
(ii) In first excited state, n=2,
`:. E=-13.6/(2^(2))eV=-3.4eV`
It means that energy required to remove an electron an electron form hydrogen atom in first excited state is 3.4eV, which is less than 13.6eV. Therefore, the statement is true.
(iii) Negative energy of electron indicates that it is bound to the nucleus and cannot leave it until energy equal to its negative energy is supplied form outside. The same is true in day to life. A person intending to leave the country has to show that nothing is pending against him in a court of law, and he has cleared income tax/sales tax payments due form him. A person form whom why type of payment is due, is not free to leave the country. He is bound till he clears all his dues.