Alternating current shows which of the following effects?

Options

A. Chemical effect
B. Magnetic effect
C. Heating effect
D. All of these

Answer

To determine the effects of alternating current (AC), we will analyze each of the possible effects: chemical, magnetic, and heating effects.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Chemical Effect of Alternating Current**:
- Alternating current can cause chemical reactions when it passes through an electrolyte. This is known as the chemical effect of current.
- In industries, particularly in the polymer industry, AC is used to create polymers. High-frequency AC is employed to produce certain types of polymers, which demonstrates the chemical effect of AC.

2. **Magnetic Effect of Alternating Current**:
- Alternating current generates a magnetic field that varies with time. This is known as the magnetic effect of current.
- A common application of this effect is in transformers. In a transformer, the primary coil carries AC, which generates an alternating magnetic flux in the core. This alternating flux induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the secondary coil, showcasing the magnetic effect of AC.

3. **Heating Effect of Alternating Current**:
- When AC passes through a resistor, it produces heat due to the resistance encountered by the current. This is known as the heating effect of current.
- A practical example of this is the tungsten filament in incandescent lamps, which operate on the heating effect of AC. The AC current heats the filament, causing it to emit light.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Since alternating current exhibits all three effects—chemical, magnetic, and heating—it can be concluded that the correct answer is that AC shows all of these effects.

### Final Answer:
**All of these (Option D)**.