Which among the following group 15 element forms most stable pentavalent compound ?

Options

A. Phosphorus
B. Antimony
C. Bismuth
D. Arsenic

Answer

A

Explanation

The electronic configuration of P is as-
P (Ground state) `to`
`1s^(2), 2s^(2), 2p^(6), 3s^(2), 3p_(x)^(1), 3p_(y)^(1), 3p_(z)^(1), 3d^(0)`
P (Excited state) `to`
`1s^(2), 2s^(2), 2p^(6), 3s^(1), 3p_(x)^(1), 3p_(y)^(1), 3p_(z)p^(1), 3d_(xy)^(1)` Inan excited state, P can form five covalent bonds by sharing of five unpaired electrons with other elements to form compounds of type `MX_(5)` i.e. `PF_(5)` and `PCl_(5)`. Among is group P forms most stable of pentavalent compound.
The stability of pentavelency decreases down the group. Due to absence of 'd' orbitals 'N' can not from pentavalent compound.