Identify (X), (Y) and (Z) in the given reaction.
`CH_(3)COCH_(3) overset(I_(2)+NaOH)underset("heat") to X overset(Ag)underset("heat") to Y overset(H_(2)SO_(4)//HgSO_(4))underset("heat") to Z`

Options

A. `X=CHI_(3), Y=CH_(3)CHO, Z=HCHO`
B. `X=CHI_(3), Y=CH_(3)OH, Z=CH_(3)CHO`
C. `X=CHI_(3), Y=CH-=CH, Z=CH_(3)CHO`
D. `X=CH_(3)COCI_(3), Y=CH_(2)=CH_(2), Z=CH_(3)CHO`

Explanation

To identify the compounds (X), (Y), and (Z) in the given reaction sequence, we will analyze each step of the reaction systematically.

### Step 1: Identify the starting compound
The starting compound is acetone, which has the chemical formula \( CH_3COCH_3 \).

### Step 2: Reaction of acetone with iodine and sodium hydroxide
When acetone reacts with iodine (\( I_2 \)) and sodium hydroxide (\( NaOH \)) under heating conditions, it undergoes the iodoform reaction. This reaction is characteristic of methyl ketones. The major product formed is iodoform, which has the formula \( CHI_3 \). Therefore, we can identify:
- **(X) = Iodoform (\( CHI_3 \))**

### Step 3: Reaction of iodoform with silver
Next, the iodoform (\( CHI_3 \)) reacts with silver metal (\( Ag \)) under heating conditions. This reaction leads to the formation of acetylene (\( C_2H_2 \)) and silver iodide (\( AgI \)). The reaction can be summarized as follows:
- **(Y) = Acetylene (\( C_2H_2 \))**

### Step 4: Reaction of acetylene with sulfuric acid and mercuric sulfate
Finally, acetylene (\( C_2H_2 \)) reacts with sulfuric acid (\( H_2SO_4 \)) in the presence of mercuric sulfate (\( HgSO_4 \)) under heating conditions. This reaction follows Markovnikov's rule and results in the formation of an enol, which subsequently tautomerizes to form a ketone. In this case, the product formed is acetaldehyde (\( CH_3CHO \)):
- **(Z) = Acetaldehyde (\( CH_3CHO \))**

### Summary of products:
- **(X) = Iodoform (\( CHI_3 \))**
- **(Y) = Acetylene (\( C_2H_2 \))**
- **(Z) = Acetaldehyde (\( CH_3CHO \))**

### Final Answer:
- (X) = Iodoform
- (Y) = Acetylene
- (Z) = Acetaldehyde

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