Define vaccination

Explanation

(i) Vaccine is the antigen containing material given to acquire either permanent or temporary immunity against a specific pathogen or disease.
(ii) Traditionally, vaccines were prepared with the help of pathogens which may be completely or partially killed .
(iii) However due to this, there were chances of contracting the disease in certain persons.
(iv) Hence , as an alternative, scientists have given artificially produced vaccines with the help of biotechnology .
(v) A sefer vaccine was produced with the help of gene isolated from the pathogen and an antigen produced from it.
(vi) Now, proteins which act as antigens are injected in pure from instead of injecting the killed or semikilled pathogens. ltbgt (vii) These proteins keep the persons away the disease by keeping the immune system active.
(viii) Vaccines produced with the help of biotechnology are more thermostable and remain active for longer duration . E.g vaccines of polio, hepatitis etc.
(ix) Edible vaccines are produced in combination with transgenic potatoes . these potatoes will act against bacteria like vibro o cholerae and escherichia coli and consumption of such raw potatoes will generate immunity against cholera and various other disease caused by E.coli/