Explain briefly, with the help of labelled diagram, and obtain the expression for the emf generated in the rotating coil in the magnetic field.

Obtain an expression for the force acting on a conductor placed in a magnetic field.

With the help of labelled diagrams, depict the stages of a microspore maturing into a pollen grain.

Explain the laws of refraction with the help of ray diagram.

With the help of a labelled diagram, explain the principle and working of a moving coil galvanometer.

Two long straight parallel conducts carrying steady currents I_(1) and I_(2) are separated by a distance d. Explain briefly with the help of suitable diagram, how the magnetic field due to one conductor acts on the other. Hence deduce the expression for the force acting between the two conductors. Mention the nature of this force.

Describe, with the help of a suitable diagram, how one can demonstrate that emf can be induced in a coil due to the change of magnetic flux. Hence state Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.

Explain horizontal component of Earth's magnetic field.