Of the following groups which has an electron repelling inductive effect :

Which of the following species has electron releasing (or+I inductive) effect ?

Identify the functional group that has electron donating inductive effect.

Identify the functional group that has electron donating inductive effect.

Which of the following group will have strongest electron donating mesomeric effect?

Which of the following group will have strongest electron donating mesomeric effect?

Which one of the following molecules has all the effects, namely inductive, mesomeric and hyperconjugative?

Which of the following groups has the highest inductive effect?

Which group has the highest + Inductive effect ?