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S(N)1 reaction is favoured by...

`S_(N)1` reaction is favoured by

A

Non-polar solvent

B

More no of alkyl group on the carbonv atom

C

Small groups on the carbon attached to the halogen atom

D

None of these

Text Solution

Verified by Experts

The correct Answer is:
B
Rate of `S_(N)1` reaction prop Stability of carbocation
`3^(@) gt 2^(@) gt 1^(@)` .
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Statement -1 : Rate of S_(N)1 reaction is faster than that of S_(N)2 reaction Statement -2 : S_(N)2 reaction is favoured by polar aprotic solvent Statement -3 : S_(N)1 reaction involves racemization

The high reactivity of alkyl halides can be explained in tems of nature of C-X bond which is highly polarised covalent bond due to large difference in the electronegativities of carbon and halogen atom. This polarity is responsible for the nucleophilic substitution reaction of alkyl halides which mostly occur by S_(N^(1)) and S_(N^(2)) mechanisms. S_(N^(1)) reaction is a two step process and in the first step R-X ionises to give carbocation (slow process). In the second step the nucleophilic attacks the carbocation from either side to form the prodcut (fast process) . In S_(N^(1)) reaction there can be reacemization and inversion . S_(N^(1)) reaction is favoured by heavy (bulky) groups on the carbon atom attached to halogens. i.e., R_(3)C-Xgt R_(2)CH-Xgt R_CH_(2)X gt CH_(3)X. " In " S_(N^(2)) reaction the strong nucleophilie OH^(-) attacks from the opposite side of the chlorine atom to give an inyermediate (transition state). which breaks to yield the product (alcohol) and leaving (X^(-)) group. The alcohol has a configuration opposite to that of the bromide and is said to proceed with inversion of configuration. S_(N^(2)) reaction is favoured by small groups on the carbon atom attached to halogen i.e., CH_(3)-X gt R-CH_(2)X gt R_(2) CHX gt R_(3) C-X S_(N^(1)) reaction of optically active alkyl halide leads to :

The high reactivity of alkyl halides can be explained in tems of nature of C-X bond which is highly polarised covalent bond due to large difference in the electronegativities of carbon and halogen atom. This polarity is responsible for the nucleophilic substitution reaction of alkyl halides which mostly occur by S_(N^(1)) and S_(N^(2)) mechanisms. S_(N^(1)) reaction is a two step process and in the first step R-X ionises to give carbocation (slow process). In the second step the nucleophilic attacks the carbocation from either side to form the prodcut (fast process) . In S_(N^(1)) reaction there can be reacemization and inversion . S_(N^(1)) reaction is favoured by heavy (bulky) groups on the carbon atom attached to halogens. i.e., R_(3)C-Xgt R_(2)CH-Xgt R_CH_(2)X gt CH_(3)X. " In " S_(N^(2)) reaction the strong nucleophilie OH^(-) attacks from the opposite side of the chlorine atom to give an inyermediate (transition state). which breaks to yield the product (alcohol) and leaving (X^(-)) group. The alcohol has a configuration opposite to that of the bromide and is said to proceed with inversion of configuration. S_(N^(2)) reaction is favoured by small groups on the carbon atom attached to halogen i.e., CH_(3)-X gt R-CH_(2)X gt R_(2) CHX gt R_(3) C-X An S_(N^(2)) reaction at an asymmetric carbon of a compound always gives:

S_(N)1 reaction is faster in

A2Z-ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING HALOGENS-Physical Properties And Nuleophilic Substitution Reaction
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  2. The rate law for the reaction RCl + NaOH(aq) rarr ROH + NaCl is give...

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  3. S(N)1 reaction is favoured by

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  4. When ethyl bromide is treated with moist Ag(2)O main product is//are.

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  5. Treatment of ammonia with excess of ethyl chloride will yield

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  6. The reactivity of ethyl chloride is

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  7. The reactivities of methy chloride propyl chloride and chlorobenzene a...

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  8. Reaction of t-butyl bromide with sodium methoxide produces

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  9. C(6)H(5)-CH(2)-CI+KCN(aq)rarrC(6)H(5)-CH(2)-C=N+KCI Compounds X and ...

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  10. Ethylidence chloride on treatment with aqueous KOH gives .

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  11. C(2)H(5)CI+KCNrarrX overset("Hydrolysis") rarr Y. X' and Y are

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  12. The set of compounds in which the reactivity of halogen atom in the as...

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  13. Viny chloride reacts with HCI to from

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  14. When ethyl iodide is heated with silver nitrate the product obtained i...

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  15. For a given alkyl group the densities of the halides follow the order

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  16. Identify the major product

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  17. HEATING ALKYL HALIDES WITH DRY SILVER OXIDE

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  18. Alkyl halide can be converted into alkene by

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  19. Among the following, the molecule with the highest dipole moment is :

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  20. The increasing order of reactivity of the following isomeric halides w...

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