Phenol when it first reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid and then will concentrated nitric acid gives:

Options

A. `2,4,6-`trinitrobenzene
B. picric acid
C. `p`-nitrophenol
D. nirtobenzene

Explanation

To solve the question regarding the reaction of phenol with concentrated sulfuric acid followed by concentrated nitric acid, we can break down the process step by step:

### Step 1: Reaction of Phenol with Concentrated Sulfuric Acid
Phenol (C6H5OH) is an aromatic compound that can undergo sulfonation when reacted with concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The reaction leads to the formation of phenyl sulfate (C6H5OSO3H), which can be represented as follows:

\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{OH} + \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{OSO}_3\text{H} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]

This reaction can yield ortho and para products due to the electrophilic substitution mechanism, with ortho and para positions being activated by the hydroxyl group (-OH) on the phenol.

### Step 2: Reaction of Phenyl Sulfate with Concentrated Nitric Acid
Next, when the phenyl sulfate is treated with concentrated nitric acid (HNO3), it undergoes nitration. The -OH group on the phenol directs the incoming nitro group (NO2) to the ortho and para positions. However, since we already have the sulfonic acid group (-OSO3H) at the ortho position, the major product will be the ortho-nitrophenol.

The reaction can be summarized as follows:

\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{OSO}_3\text{H} + \text{HNO}_3 \rightarrow \text{ortho-nitrophenol} + \text{other products} \]

### Step 3: Final Product
Due to the presence of the sulfonic acid group, the ortho-nitrophenol will be the major product formed from the nitration process. The para-nitrophenol will also form but in lesser amounts due to steric hindrance and the directing effects of the -OH and -OSO3H groups.

Thus, the final product after the reaction of phenol with concentrated sulfuric acid followed by concentrated nitric acid is primarily **ortho-nitrophenol**.

### Final Answer:
The final product is **ortho-nitrophenol**.

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