An artificial radioisotope `._15P^31` can be prepared by disintegrating `._13Al^27` nucleus with alpha particles. Later on it emits a positron and is converted into `._14Si^31` nucleus. Write down the transition equations.

When a beta -particle is emitted from the radioactive isotope ._15P^32 , it is converted into ._16S^32 / Write down the required transformation equation

On collision with neutron , ._13Al^27 changes to radiosodium ._11Na^24 and emits a particle. ._11Na^24 , In its turn emits a particle and is transmitted to ._12Mg^24 . Write the two nuclear equations and identify the particles .

When an aluminium nucleus (._13Al^27) is hit by a proton a new element is formed with the emission of alpha -particle. (ii)Write the complete equation of reaction , (ii)Identify the new element and (iii)Determine the number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus .

Under certain circumstances , a nucleus can decay by emitting a particle more massive than an alpha -particle. Consider the following decay processes. (a) ._88^223Ra to ._82^209Pb + ._6^14C , (b) ._88^223Ra to ._86^219 Rn + ._2^4He Calculate the Q-values for these two decays and determine that both are energetically possible. m(._88^223Ra) =223.01850 u, m(._82^209Pb) =208.98107 u, m(._86^219Rn) = 219.00948 u, m(._6^14C) = 14.00324 u and m(._2^4He) =4.00260 u