Which of the following Lewis symbols is INCORRECT ?

Options

A. `overset(cdot)(L)i`
B. `cdot underset(cdot)overset(cdot)(C)cdot`
C. `: underset(ddot)overset(ddot)(O):`
D. `: underset(ddot)overset(ddot)(F)cdot`

Answer

To determine which of the Lewis symbols is incorrect, we will analyze the electronic configurations of the elements provided and count the valence (outermost shell) electrons. Here's a step-by-step solution:

### Step 1: Identify the Elements and Their Atomic Numbers
- **Lithium (Li)**: Atomic number = 3
- **Carbon (C)**: Atomic number = 6
- **Oxygen (O)**: Atomic number = 8
- **Fluorine (F)**: Atomic number = 9

### Step 2: Write the Electronic Configurations
- **Lithium**: 1s² 2s¹
- **Carbon**: 1s² 2s² 2p²
- **Oxygen**: 1s² 2s² 2p⁴
- **Fluorine**: 1s² 2s² 2p⁵

### Step 3: Determine the Number of Valence Electrons
- **Lithium**: 1 valence electron (2s¹)
- **Carbon**: 4 valence electrons (2s² 2p²)
- **Oxygen**: 6 valence electrons (2s² 2p⁴)
- **Fluorine**: 7 valence electrons (2s² 2p⁵)

### Step 4: Draw the Lewis Symbols
- **Lithium (Li)**: • (1 dot)
- **Carbon (C)**: •• •• (4 dots)
- **Oxygen (O)**: •• •• •• (6 dots)
- **Fluorine (F)**: •• •• •• •• •• •• (7 dots)

### Step 5: Analyze the Given Options
Assuming the options provided correspond to the Lewis symbols we have drawn:
1. **Lithium**: Correct (1 dot)
2. **Carbon**: Correct (4 dots)
3. **Oxygen**: Incorrect (should have 6 dots, but if it shows 8, that’s wrong)
4. **Fluorine**: Correct (7 dots)

### Conclusion
The incorrect Lewis symbol is for **Oxygen**, which should have 6 dots but is shown as having 8.

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