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S(N)1 reaction is favoured by ....

`S_(N)1` reaction is favoured by _________.

A

non-polar solvents

B

bulky groups on the carbon atom attached to the halogen atom

C

small groups on the carbon atom attached to the halogen atom

D

strong nucleophile

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The correct Answer is:
B
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S_(N)1 reaction is faster in

Statement -1 : Rate of S_(N)1 reaction is faster than that of S_(N)2 reaction Statement -2 : S_(N)2 reaction is favoured by polar aprotic solvent Statement -3 : S_(N)1 reaction involves racemization

The high reactivity of alkyl halides can be explained in tems of nature of C-X bond which is highly polarised covalent bond due to large difference in the electronegativities of carbon and halogen atom. This polarity is responsible for the nucleophilic substitution reaction of alkyl halides which mostly occur by S_(N^(1)) and S_(N^(2)) mechanisms. S_(N^(1)) reaction is a two step process and in the first step R-X ionises to give carbocation (slow process). In the second step the nucleophilic attacks the carbocation from either side to form the prodcut (fast process) . In S_(N^(1)) reaction there can be reacemization and inversion . S_(N^(1)) reaction is favoured by heavy (bulky) groups on the carbon atom attached to halogens. i.e., R_(3)C-Xgt R_(2)CH-Xgt R_CH_(2)X gt CH_(3)X. " In " S_(N^(2)) reaction the strong nucleophilie OH^(-) attacks from the opposite side of the chlorine atom to give an inyermediate (transition state). which breaks to yield the product (alcohol) and leaving (X^(-)) group. The alcohol has a configuration opposite to that of the bromide and is said to proceed with inversion of configuration. S_(N^(2)) reaction is favoured by small groups on the carbon atom attached to halogen i.e., CH_(3)-X gt R-CH_(2)X gt R_(2) CHX gt R_(3) C-X S_(N^(1)) reaction of optically active alkyl halide leads to :

The high reactivity of alkyl halides can be explained in tems of nature of C-X bond which is highly polarised covalent bond due to large difference in the electronegativities of carbon and halogen atom. This polarity is responsible for the nucleophilic substitution reaction of alkyl halides which mostly occur by S_(N^(1)) and S_(N^(2)) mechanisms. S_(N^(1)) reaction is a two step process and in the first step R-X ionises to give carbocation (slow process). In the second step the nucleophilic attacks the carbocation from either side to form the prodcut (fast process) . In S_(N^(1)) reaction there can be reacemization and inversion . S_(N^(1)) reaction is favoured by heavy (bulky) groups on the carbon atom attached to halogens. i.e., R_(3)C-Xgt R_(2)CH-Xgt R_CH_(2)X gt CH_(3)X. " In " S_(N^(2)) reaction the strong nucleophilie OH^(-) attacks from the opposite side of the chlorine atom to give an inyermediate (transition state). which breaks to yield the product (alcohol) and leaving (X^(-)) group. The alcohol has a configuration opposite to that of the bromide and is said to proceed with inversion of configuration. S_(N^(2)) reaction is favoured by small groups on the carbon atom attached to halogen i.e., CH_(3)-X gt R-CH_(2)X gt R_(2) CHX gt R_(3) C-X An S_(N^(2)) reaction at an asymmetric carbon of a compound always gives:

Exothermic reactions are favoured by ____ in temperature

TARGET PUBLICATION-HALOGEN DERIVATIVES OF ALKANES AND ARENES-EVALUATION TEST
  1. S(N)1 reaction is favoured by .

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  2. In the following sequence of reactions, CH(3)CH(2)CH(2)Br overset("K...

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  3. In the following sequence of the reactions : CH(3)CH(2)CH(2)I overse...

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  4. In the reaction CH(3) C -= C^(-) - Na^(+) +(CH(3))(2) CH - Cl to ?...

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  5. Which one of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic subst...

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  6. Isopropyl chloride undergoes hydrolysis by :

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  7. Which compound shows S(N)1 mechanism as well as optical isomerism ?

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  8. Aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution react...

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  9. Which chloroderivative of benzene among the following would undergo hy...

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  10. o-Toluic acid on reaction with Br(2) + Fe gives

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  11. The reaction of 4-bromobenzyl chloride with NaCN in ethanol leads to :

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  12. Identify 'C' in the following sequence : C(6)H(5)NH(2) underset(273 ...

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  13. The compound CH(3)-underset(Cl)underset(|)overset(CH(3))overset(|)C-CH...

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  14. Benzene reacts with CHCl(3) in the presence of arhydrous AlCl(3) to fo...

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  15. The intermediate during the addition of HI to propene in presence of p...

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  16. The organo bromo compound which shows complete stereochemical inversio...

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  17. An alkyl chloride produces a single alkene when it reacts with sodium ...

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  18. In the following reaction , C(6)H(5)CH(2)Broverset(1.Mg,Ether)underset...

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  19. An alkyl iodide (X) reacts with sodium in ether to form 4,5-diethyloct...

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  20. Which of the following is NOT a haloalkane ?

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