Although millions of organic compounds are known, the elements they contain are very few: `C`(always), `H`(almost), `N, O` a halogen, `S, P` (often), and sometimes another element. The great number and variety of organic compounds are a result of which of the follocwing?
(i) Carbon is in group `14` of the periodic table and forms bonds with almost every other element(other than the noble gases).
(ii) Carbon atoms have the ability to bond to other carbon atoms in single and multiple bonds, forming long chains, branched chains, and rings (that may also have chains attached to them) of various lengths.
(iii) The existanece of different carbon compounds with identical molecular formulas called isomers.
(iv) Other kinds of atoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, and sulphur may be attached to the carbon atoms by single and//or multiple bonds.

Options

A. (1) (i), (ii), (iii)
B. (2) (i), (ii), (iv)
C. (3) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
D. (4) (i), (iii), (iv)

Answer

C

Explanation

The linking of like atoms is called catenation. Several other elements have limited ability catenation to form such chains or rings of like atoms, but only carbon does this with more than a few atoms. For example, petrolium consists of molecules of up to `30` or more carbon atoms bonded together, and chains of thousands to `C` atoms exists in molecules of polyethylene plastic.
The tetravalence of `C`(its covalency of four) also makes possible the branching of chains and the fusion of several rings. Due to isomerism, great variety can be found, even among the smaller organic molecules.