p-Nitrotoluene on further nitration gives

Options

A. 3,4-dinitrotoluene
B. 2,4-dinitrotoluene
C. 2,4-dinitrobenzyl alcohol
D. 2,5-dinitrotoluene

Explanation

To solve the question of what p-nitrotoluene gives upon further nitration, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Structure of p-Nitrotoluene**:
- p-Nitrotoluene consists of a toluene (C6H5-CH3) structure with a nitro group (NO2) at the para position relative to the methyl group (CH3).
- The structure can be represented as follows:
```
NO2
|
CH3-C6H4
```

2. **Understand the Nitration Reaction**:
- Nitration involves the introduction of another nitro group (NO2) to the aromatic ring. This is typically done using a mixture of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

3. **Determine the Directing Effects of Substituents**:
- The methyl group (CH3) is an ortho-para directing group and activates the ring for electrophilic substitution.
- The nitro group (NO2) is a meta-directing group and deactivates the ring.

4. **Analyze the Positions for Nitration**:
- Since the methyl group directs substitution to the ortho and para positions, and the nitro group directs substitution to the meta position, we need to consider the available positions:
- The ortho position to the nitro group is occupied by the methyl group.
- The para position to the methyl group is also occupied by the nitro group.
- The only available position for nitration is the meta position relative to the nitro group.

5. **Draw the Product Structure**:
- The nitration will occur at the meta position relative to the nitro group, leading to the formation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene. The structure can be represented as:
```
NO2
|
CH3-C6H3
|
NO2
```

6. **Name the Product**:
- The product formed is 2,4-dinitrotoluene, as there are two nitro groups at the 2 and 4 positions of the toluene ring.

### Final Answer:
The product of the further nitration of p-nitrotoluene is **2,4-dinitrotoluene**.

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