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Because it is cheap (a byproduct of the ...

Because it is cheap (a byproduct of the Solvay process) and deliquescent, anhydrous `CaCI_(2)` is often used to dry gases and organic liquids. However, it cannot be used to dry ammonia and ethanol since it forms complexes having the respective formulas

A

`CaCI_(2).8NH_(3) and CaCI_(2).4C_(2)H_(5)OH`

B

`CaCI_(2).4NH_(3) and CaCI_(2).4C_(2)H_(5)OH`

C

`CaCI_(2).8NH_(3) and CaCI_(2).8C_(2)H_(5)OH`

D

`CaCI_(2).4NH_(3) and CaCI_(2).8C_(2)H_(5)OH`

Text Solution

Verified by Experts

The correct Answer is:
A
The additive compound with `C_(2)H_(5)OH` is called alcoholate.
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Anhydrous CaCI_(2) is used as drying agent, because it:

Alexander Williamson prepared diethyl by a simple method, now called as Williamson's ether synthesis . In this method, an alkyl halide is treated with sodium alkoxide prepared from sodium and alcohol. This reaction is used in the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers. It may be noted taht for preparing unsymmetrical ethers, the halide used should preferably be primary because secondary and tertiary alkyl halides may form alkenes as major product due to elimination process. CH_(3)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(C)-Br+underset("Sodium ethoxide")(Na^(+)O^(-)-C_(2)H_(5))rarrunderset("2-methylpropene")(CH_(3)-overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(C)=CH_(2))+C_(2)H_(5)OH+NaBr Aryl ethers or phenolic ethers can be prepared by using sodium phenoxide and alkyl halides. However, aryl halides and sodium alkoxide cannot be used for preparing phenolic ethers because aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is added in gasoline to improve its octane number . CH_(3)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(C)-O-CH_(3) Which of the following is the best method for synthesis of the above ether ?

Alexander Williamson prepared diethyl by a simple method, now called as Williamson's ether synthesis . In this method, an alkyl halide is treated with sodium alkoxide prepared from sodium and alcohol. This reaction is used in the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers. It may be noted taht for preparing unsymmetrical ethers, the halide used should preferably be primary because secondary and tertiary alkyl halides may form alkenes as major product due to elimination process. CH_(3)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(C)-Br+underset("Sodium ethoxide")(Na^(+)O^(-)-C_(2)H_(5))rarrunderset("2-methylpropene")(CH_(3)-overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(C)=CH_(2))+C_(2)H_(5)OH+NaBr Aryl ethers or phenolic ethers can be prepared by using sodium phenoxide and alkyl halides. However, aryl halides and sodium alkoxide cannot be used for preparing phenolic ethers because aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction To which of the following mechanisms does the reaction ( Williamson's ether synthesis ) belong ?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: Reductive alkylation is the term applied to the process of introducing alkyl groups into ammonia or a primary or secondary amine by means of an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a reducing agent. The present discussion is limited to those reductive alkylations in which the reducing agent is hydrogen and a catalyst or "nascent" hydrogen, usually from a metalacid combination, most of these reductive alkylations have been carried out with hydrogen and a catalyst. The principal variation excluded is that in which the reducing agent is formic acid or one of its derivatives, this modification is known as the Leuckart reaction. The process of reductive alkylation of ammonia consists in the addition of ammonia to a carbonyl compound and reduction of the addition compound or its dehydration product. The reaction usually is carried out in ethanol solution when the reduction is to be effected catalytically Since the primary amine is formed in the presence of the aldehyde it may react in the same way as ammonia, yielding an addition compound, a Schiff's base (RCH= NCH_(2)R) and finally, a secondary amine. Similarly, the primary amine may react with the imine, forming an addition product which also is reduced to a secondary amine Finally, the secondary amine may react with either the aldehyde or the imine to give products which are reduced to tertiary amines. Similar reactions may occur when the carbonyl compound employed is a ketone. (source: Emerson, W. S. (2011). The Preparation of Amines by Reductive Alkylation. Organic Reactions, 174–255. doi:10.1002/0471264180.or004.03 ) Acetaldehyde is reacted with ammonia followed by reduction in presence of hydrogen as a catalyst. The primary amine so formed further reacts with acetaldehyde. The Schiff’s base formed during the reaction is:

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: Reductive alkylation is the term applied to the process of introducing alkyl groups into ammonia or a primary or secondary amine by means of an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a reducing agent. The present discussion is limited to those reductive alkylations in which the reducing agent is hydrogen and a catalyst or "nascent" hydrogen, usually from a metalacid combination, most of these reductive alkylations have been carried out with hydrogen and a catalyst. The principal variation excluded is that in which the reducing agent is formic acid or one of its derivatives, this modification is known as the Leuckart reaction. The process of reductive alkylation of ammonia consists in the addition of ammonia to a carbonyl compound and reduction of the addition compound or its dehydration product. The reaction usually is carried out in ethanol solution when the reduction is to be effected catalytically Since the primary amine is formed in the presence of the aldehyde it may react in the same way as ammonia, yielding an addition compound, a Schiff's base (RCH= NCH_(2)R) and finally, a secondary amine. Similarly, the primary amine may react with the imine, forming an addition product which also is reduced to a secondary amine Finally, the secondary amine may react with either the aldehyde or the imine to give products which are reduced to tertiary amines. Similar reactions may occur when the carbonyl compound employed is a ketone. (source: Emerson, W. S. (2011). The Preparation of Amines by Reductive Alkylation. Organic Reactions, 174–255. doi:10.1002/0471264180.or004.03 ) Ethanal on reaction with ammonia forms an imine (X) which on reaction with nascent hydrogen gives (Y). Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y’.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: Reductive alkylation is the term applied to the process of introducing alkyl groups into ammonia or a primary or secondary amine by means of an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a reducing agent. The present discussion is limited to those reductive alkylations in which the reducing agent is hydrogen and a catalyst or "nascent" hydrogen, usually from a metalacid combination, most of these reductive alkylations have been carried out with hydrogen and a catalyst. The principal variation excluded is that in which the reducing agent is formic acid or one of its derivatives, this modification is known as the Leuckart reaction. The process of reductive alkylation of ammonia consists in the addition of ammonia to a carbonyl compound and reduction of the addition compound or its dehydration product. The reaction usually is carried out in ethanol solution when the reduction is to be effected catalytically Since the primary amine is formed in the presence of the aldehyde it may react in the same way as ammonia, yielding an addition compound, a Schiff's base (RCH= NCH_(2)R) and finally, a secondary amine. Similarly, the primary amine may react with the imine, forming an addition product which also is reduced to a secondary amine Finally, the secondary amine may react with either the aldehyde or the imine to give products which are reduced to tertiary amines. Similar reactions may occur when the carbonyl compound employed is a ketone. (source: Emerson, W. S. (2011). The Preparation of Amines by Reductive Alkylation. Organic Reactions, 174–255. doi:10.1002/0471264180.or004.03 ) (CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2))_(2)NH +CH_(3)CH_(2)CHO to P overset(2[H])to Q The ompound Q is :

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: Reductive alkylation is the term applied to the process of introducing alkyl groups into ammonia or a primary or secondary amine by means of an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a reducing agent. The present discussion is limited to those reductive alkylations in which the reducing agent is hydrogen and a catalyst or "nascent" hydrogen, usually from a metalacid combination, most of these reductive alkylations have been carried out with hydrogen and a catalyst. The principal variation excluded is that in which the reducing agent is formic acid or one of its derivatives, this modification is known as the Leuckart reaction. The process of reductive alkylation of ammonia consists in the addition of ammonia to a carbonyl compound and reduction of the addition compound or its dehydration product. The reaction usually is carried out in ethanol solution when the reduction is to be effected catalytically Since the primary amine is formed in the presence of the aldehyde it may react in the same way as ammonia, yielding an addition compound, a Schiff's base (RCH= NCH_(2)R) and finally, a secondary amine. Similarly, the primary amine may react with the imine, forming an addition product which also is reduced to a secondary amine Finally, the secondary amine may react with either the aldehyde or the imine to give products which are reduced to tertiary amines. Similar reactions may occur when the carbonyl compound employed is a ketone. (source: Emerson, W. S. (2011). The Preparation of Amines by Reductive Alkylation. Organic Reactions, 174–255. doi:10.1002/0471264180.or004.03 ) Reductive alkylation of ammonia by means of an aldehyde in presence of hydrogen as reducing agents results in formation of:

R SHARMA-THE S BLOCK ELEMENTS-Follow-up Test 10
  1. When hydrated MgCI(2).6H(2)O is trongly heated,

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  2. The hydrated halides of cannot be dehydrated on heating.

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  3. Fused BeF(2) is

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  4. Which of the following compounds is highly soluble in water ?

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  5. Which of the following compounds are water soluble ?

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  6. Which of the following solids is polymeric ?

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  7. Beryllium chloride vapor contains

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  8. Because it is cheap (a byproduct of the Solvay process) and deliquesce...

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  9. Which of the following is incorrect about the carbonates of alkaline e...

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  10. Which of the following carbonates is the least soluble in water ?

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  11. Which of the following carbonates is the most thermally stable ?

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  12. Which of the following bicarbonates exists in the solid state ?

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  13. Sulphates of group 2 metals are prepared by the action of sulphuric ac...

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  14. Which of the following sulphates crystallizes without water of crystal...

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  15. Which of the following sulphates is sparingly soluble in water ?

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  16. Which of the following compounds has the highest temperature of decomp...

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  17. Which of the following sulphates is useful in diagnosing stomach or du...

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  18. Group 2 nitrates are prepared in solution by the action of nitric acid...

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  19. Which of the following nitrates crystallizes as anhydroms salt?

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  20. Which of the following nitrates decomposes on heating, giving the oxid...

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