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An example of biopolymer is...

An example of biopolymer is

A

teflon

B

neoprene

C

nylon-66

D

`DNA`

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
D
`DNA`, a nucleic acid, is a long chain polymer of nucleotides i.e. - it is a plynucleotide.
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Read the passage given below and answer the question: Biopolymers are polymers that are generated from renewable natural sources, are often biodegradable and nontoxic. They can be produced by biological systems (i.e. microorganisms, plants and animals), or chemically synthesized from biological materials (e.g., sugars, starch, natural fats or oils, etc.). Two strategies are applied in converting these raw materials into biodegradable polymers: extraction of the native polymer from a plant or animal tissue, and a chemical or biotechnological route of monomer polymerization. Biodegradable biopolymers (BDP) are an alternative to petroleum-based polymers (traditional plastics). Some BDP degrade in only a few weeks, while the degradation of others takes several months. In principle the properties relevant for application as well as biodegradability are determined by the molecular structure. According to the American Society for Testing and Materials, biopolymers are degradable polymers in which degradation results from the action of naturally occurring microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae. Polylactic acid (PLA) is an example of biopolymer. It is a thermoplastic polyester. Generally, there are two major routes to produce polylactic acid from the lactic acid (CH_(3)CH(OH) COOH) monomer. The first route involves condensation-water removal by the use of solvent under high vacuum and temperature. This approach produces a low to intermediate molar mass polymer. An alternative method is to remove water under milder conditions, without solvent, to produce a cyclic intermediate dimer, referred to as lactide. This intermediate is readily purified by vacuum distillation. Ring opening polymerization of the dimer is accomplished under heat, again without the need for solvent. By controlling the purity of the dimer it is possible to produce a wide range of molar masses .PLA is a good material for production of clothing, carpet tiles, interior and outdoor furnishing, geotextiles, bags, filtration systems, etc. The primary biodegradability of PLA was tested using hydrolysis tests at various composting temperatures and pH. It was demonstrated that composting is a useful method for PLA biodegradation. The degradation rate is very slow in ambient temperatures. A 2017 study found that at 25^(@)C in sea water, PLA showed no degradation over a year. As a result, it is poorly degraded in landfills and household composts, but is effectively digested in hotter industrial composts. (source: Flieger, M., Kantorová, M., Prell, A., Rezanka, T., & Votruba, J. (2003). Biodegradable plastics from renewable sources. Folia Microbiologica, 48(1), 27 44. doi:10.1007/bf02931273) In the question, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices on the basis of the above passage. Assertion: Lactic acid undergoes condensation polymerisation Reason: Lactic acid is a bifunctional monomeric unit.

Read the passage given below and answer the question: Biopolymers are polymers that are generated from renewable natural sources, are often biodegradable and nontoxic. They can be produced by biological systems (i.e. microorganisms, plants and animals), or chemically synthesized from biological materials (e.g., sugars, starch, natural fats or oils, etc.). Two strategies are applied in converting these raw materials into biodegradable polymers: extraction of the native polymer from a plant or animal tissue, and a chemical or biotechnological route of monomer polymerization. Biodegradable biopolymers (BDP) are an alternative to petroleum-based polymers (traditional plastics). Some BDP degrade in only a few weeks, while the degradation of others takes several months. In principle the properties relevant for application as well as biodegradability are determined by the molecular structure. According to the American Society for Testing and Materials, biopolymers are degradable polymers in which degradation results from the action of naturally occurring microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae. Polylactic acid (PLA) is an example of biopolymer. It is a thermoplastic polyester. Generally, there are two major routes to produce polylactic acid from the lactic acid (CH_(3)CH(OH) COOH) monomer. The first route involves condensation-water removal by the use of solvent under high vacuum and temperature. This approach produces a low to intermediate molar mass polymer. An alternative method is to remove water under milder conditions, without solvent, to produce a cyclic intermediate dimer, referred to as lactide. This intermediate is readily purified by vacuum distillation. Ring opening polymerization of the dimer is accomplished under heat, again without the need for solvent. By controlling the purity of the dimer it is possible to produce a wide range of molar masses .PLA is a good material for production of clothing, carpet tiles, interior and outdoor furnishing, geotextiles, bags, filtration systems, etc. The primary biodegradability of PLA was tested using hydrolysis tests at various composting temperatures and pH. It was demonstrated that composting is a useful method for PLA biodegradation. The degradation rate is very slow in ambient temperatures. A 2017 study found that at 25 ^(@)C in sea water, PLA showed no degradation over a year. As a result, it is poorly degraded in landfills and household composts, but is effectively digested in hotter industrial composts. (source: Flieger, M., Kantorová, M., Prell, A., Rezanka, T., & Votruba, J. (2003). Biodegradable plastics from renewable sources. Folia Microbiologica, 48(1), 27 44. doi:10.1007/bf02931273) In the question, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices on the basis of the above passage. Assertion: PLA is poorly degraded in landfills. Reason: The degradation rate of PLA is very slow in ambient temperatures.

Read the passage given below and answer the question: Biopolymers are polymers that are generated from renewable natural sources, are often biodegradable and nontoxic. They can be produced by biological systems (i.e. microorganisms, plants and animals), or chemically synthesized from biological materials (e.g., sugars, starch, natural fats or oils, etc.). Two strategies are applied in converting these raw materials into biodegradable polymers: extraction of the native polymer from a plant or animal tissue, and a chemical or biotechnological route of monomer polymerization. Biodegradable biopolymers (BDP) are an alternative to petroleum-based polymers (traditional plastics). Some BDP degrade in only a few weeks, while the degradation of others takes several months. In principle the properties relevant for application as well as biodegradability are determined by the molecular structure. According to the American Society for Testing and Materials, biopolymers are degradable polymers in which degradation results from the action of naturally occurring microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae. Polylactic acid (PLA) is an example of biopolymer. It is a thermoplastic polyester. Generally, there are two major routes to produce polylactic acid from the lactic acid ( CH_(3)CH(OH) COOH ) monomer. The first route involves condensation-water removal by the use of solvent under high vacuum and temperature. This approach produces a low to intermediate molar mass polymer. An alternative method is to remove water under milder conditions, without solvent, to produce a cyclic intermediate dimer, referred to as lactide. This intermediate is readily purified by vacuum distillation. Ring opening polymerization of the dimer is accomplished under heat, again without the need for solvent. By controlling the purity of the dimer it is possible to produce a wide range of molar masses .PLA is a good material for production of clothing, carpet tiles, interior and outdoor furnishing, geotextiles, bags, filtration systems, etc. The primary biodegradability of PLA was tested using hydrolysis tests at various composting temperatures and pH. It was demonstrated that composting is a useful method for PLA biodegradation. The degradation rate is very slow in ambient temperatures. A 2017 study found that at 25^(@)C in sea water, PLA showed no degradation over a year. As a result, it is poorly degraded in landfills and household composts, but is effectively digested in hotter industrial composts. (source: Flieger, M., Kantorová, M., Prell, A., Rezanka, T., & Votruba, J. (2003). Biodegradable plastics from renewable sources. Folia Microbiologica, 48(1), 27 44. doi:10.1007/bf02931273) In the question, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices on the basis of the above passage. Assertion: Biodegradable polymers degrade in few weeks. Reason: Microorganisms bring about degradation of biopolymers.

Read the passage given below and answer the question: Biopolymers are polymers that are generated from renewable natural sources, are often biodegradable and nontoxic. They can be produced by biological systems (i.e. microorganisms, plants and animals), or chemically synthesized from biological materials (e.g., sugars, starch, natural fats or oils, etc.). Two strategies are applied in converting these raw materials into biodegradable polymers: extraction of the native polymer from a plant or animal tissue, and a chemical or biotechnological route of monomer polymerization. Biodegradable biopolymers (BDP) are an alternative to petroleum-based polymers (traditional plastics). Some BDP degrade in only a few weeks, while the degradation of others takes several months. In principle the properties relevant for application as well as biodegradability are determined by the molecular structure. According to the American Society for Testing and Materials, biopolymers are degradable polymers in which degradation results from the action of naturally occurring microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae. Polylactic acid (PLA) is an example of biopolymer. It is a thermoplastic polyester. Generally, there are two major routes to produce polylactic acid from the lactic acid (CH_(3)CH(OH) COOH) monomer. The first route involves condensation-water removal by the use of solvent under high vacuum and temperature. This approach produces a low to intermediate molar mass polymer. An alternative method is to remove water under milder conditions, without solvent, to produce a cyclic intermediate dimer, referred to as lactide. This intermediate is readily purified by vacuum distillation. Ring opening polymerization of the dimer is accomplished under heat, again without the need for solvent. By controlling the purity of the dimer it is possible to produce a wide range of molar masses .PLA is a good material for production of clothing, carpet tiles, interior and outdoor furnishing, geotextiles, bags, filtration systems, etc. The primary biodegradability of PLA was tested using hydrolysis tests at various composting temperatures and pH. It was demonstrated that composting is a useful method for PLA biodegradation. The degradation rate is very slow in ambient temperatures. A 2017 study found that at 25^(@)C in sea water, PLA showed no degradation over a year. As a result, it is poorly degraded in landfills and household composts, but is effectively digested in hotter industrial composts. (source: Flieger, M., Kantorová, M., Prell, A., Rezanka, T., & Votruba, J. (2003). Biodegradable plastics from renewable sources. Folia Microbiologica, 48(1), 27 44. doi:10.1007/bf02931273) In the question, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices on the basis of the above passage. Assertion: The degradation of PLA is very slow in ambient temperature. Reason: PLA is a thermoplastic.

Read the passage given below and answer the question: Biopolymers are polymers that are generated from renewable natural sources, are often biodegradable and nontoxic. They can be produced by biological systems (i.e. microorganisms, plants and animals), or chemically synthesized from biological materials (e.g., sugars, starch, natural fats or oils, etc.). Two strategies are applied in converting these raw materials into biodegradable polymers: extraction of the native polymer from a plant or animal tissue, and a chemical or biotechnological route of monomer polymerization. Biodegradable biopolymers (BDP) are an alternative to petroleum-based polymers (traditional plastics). Some BDP degrade in only a few weeks, while the degradation of others takes several months. In principle the properties relevant for application as well as biodegradability are determined by the molecular structure. According to the American Society for Testing and Materials, biopolymers are degradable polymers in which degradation results from the action of naturally occurring microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae. Polylactic acid (PLA) is an example of biopolymer. It is a thermoplastic polyester. Generally, there are two major routes to produce polylactic acid from the lactic acid (CH_(3)CH(OH) COOH) monomer. The first route involves condensation-water removal by the use of solvent under high vacuum and temperature. This approach produces a low to intermediate molar mass polymer. An alternative method is to remove water under milder conditions, without solvent, to produce a cyclic intermediate dimer, referred to as lactide. This intermediate is readily purified by vacuum distillation. Ring opening polymerization of the dimer is accomplished under heat, again without the need for solvent. By controlling the purity of the dimer it is possible to produce a wide range of molar masses .PLA is a good material for production of clothing, carpet tiles, interior and outdoor furnishing, geotextiles, bags, filtration systems, etc. The primary biodegradability of PLA was tested using hydrolysis tests at various composting temperatures and pH. It was demonstrated that composting is a useful method for PLA biodegradation. The degradation rate is very slow in ambient temperatures. A 2017 study found that at 25^(@)C in sea water, PLA showed no degradation over a year. As a result, it is poorly degraded in landfills and household composts, but is effectively digested in hotter industrial composts. (source: Flieger, M., Kantorová, M., Prell, A., Rezanka, T., & Votruba, J. (2003). Biodegradable plastics from renewable sources. Folia Microbiologica, 48(1), 27 44. doi:10.1007/bf02931273) In the question, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices on the basis of the above passage. Assertion: Lactic acid on polymerisation forms Reason: PLA is used in producing geotextiles.

Examples

Examples

Examples

Examples

Examples