The ionic product of an ionic solid

Options

A. can be equal to or less than `K_(sp)`
B. is always equal to `K_(sp)`
C. is always less than `K_(sp)`
D. can be less than, equal to, or greater than `K_(sp)`

Answer

D

Explanation

If `Q_(sp) lt K_(sp)`, the forward process is favored, No precipitation occurs. If solid is present, more solid can dissolve. If `Q_(sp)=K_(sp)`, the solution is just saturated. Solid and solution are in equilibrium. Neither forward nor reverse process is favored. If `Q_(sp) gt K_(sp)`, the reverse process is favored. Precipitation occurs to form more solid. Using `K_(sp)`, we can calculate the maximum concentrations of ions that can coexist in solution. From these calculations, we can determine whether a precipitate will form in a given solution.