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Protonema is...

Protonema is

A

haploid and is found in mosses

B

diploid and is found in liverworts

C

diploid and is found in pteridophytes

D

haploid and is found in pteridophytes.

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The correct Answer is:
A
The predominant stage of the life cycle of a moss (bryophyte) is the gametophyte which consist of two stages. The first stage is the protonema stage, which develops directly from a spore. It is a creeping, green, branched and frequently filamentous stage. The second stage is the leafy stage, which develops from the secondary protonema as a lateral bud. It consist of upright, slender axes bearing spirally arranged leaves attached to the soil through multicellular and branched rhizoids. This stage bears the sex organs.
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Read the following statements carefully (i) Protonema is found in mosses and is absent in liverworts. (ii) In Marchantia,the sporophyte is divided into the foot, seta and capsule (iii) Archegonia are partially embedded in pteridophytes (iv) Gymnosperms do not possess vessels in xylem except in some gnetophytes.

Consider the following structures/characters: (i) Multicellular asexual buds (ii) Protonema stage (iii) Sporic meiosis (iv) Peristome in sporophyte (V) Multiflagellate sperms (vi) Vascular amphibians of plant kingdom . The structures/characters concerned with the life cycle of liverworts are:

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