Lichen is the pioneer vegetation of which succession?

Lichen are pioneer of vegetation in a

Lichen is pioneer in which succession?

Lichen is pioneer in succession of

Lichen is pioneer in succession of

Lichen is pioneer in succession of

Lichen is pioneer in succession of

Among bryophytes, lichens and fern which one is a pioneer species in a xeric succession?

Among bryophytes, lichens and fern which one is a pioneer species in a xeric succession?

Write the note on the following . Among bryophytes, lichens and fern, which one is a pioneer species in a xeric succession and why?