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X is a pale yellow solid. It hydrolyses ...

X is a pale yellow solid. It hydrolyses to `POCl_(3)` in moist air and finally gets converted into phosphoric acid. Z exists as an ionic solid. The total number of atoms present in its cation is.

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To solve the problem step by step, we will analyze the information given and derive the answer systematically. ### Step 1: Identify the compound X The question states that X is a pale yellow solid that hydrolyzes to form `POCl3` in moist air. The compound that fits this description is phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5). **Hint:** Look for a pale yellow solid that can release `POCl3` upon hydrolysis. ### Step 2: Write the hydrolysis reaction When PCl5 is exposed to moisture, it undergoes hydrolysis. The reaction can be summarized as follows: \[ \text{PCl}_5 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{POCl}_3 + 2 \text{HCl} \] This shows that PCl5 reacts with water to produce phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). **Hint:** Consider the products formed when a phosphorus halide reacts with water. ### Step 3: Complete hydrolysis to phosphoric acid Further hydrolysis of POCl3 leads to the formation of phosphoric acid (H3PO4): \[ \text{POCl}_3 + 3 \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{H}_3\text{PO}_4 + 3 \text{HCl} \] This indicates that the complete hydrolysis of PCl5 eventually results in phosphoric acid. **Hint:** Think about the final product when the hydrolysis is completed. ### Step 4: Identify the ionic solid Z The problem states that Z exists as an ionic solid. In the context of PCl5, when it forms cations and anions in the solid state, the relevant cation is `PCl4^+`. **Hint:** Consider the ionic forms that can be derived from PCl5. ### Step 5: Count the atoms in the cation The cation `PCl4^+` consists of: - 1 phosphorus (P) atom - 4 chlorine (Cl) atoms Thus, the total number of atoms in the cation `PCl4^+` is: \[ 1 \text{ (P)} + 4 \text{ (Cl)} = 5 \text{ atoms} \] **Hint:** Count the number of atoms in the cation by adding the individual atoms present. ### Conclusion The total number of atoms present in the cation `PCl4^+` is 5. **Final Answer:** 5
To solve the problem step by step, we will analyze the information given and derive the answer systematically. ### Step 1: Identify the compound X The question states that X is a pale yellow solid that hydrolyzes to form `POCl3` in moist air. The compound that fits this description is phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5). **Hint:** Look for a pale yellow solid that can release `POCl3` upon hydrolysis. ### Step 2: Write the hydrolysis reaction ...
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Early crystallographers had trouble solving the structures of inorganic solids using X-ray diffraction because some of the mathematical tools for analyzing the data had not yet been developed. Once a trial structure was proposed, it was relatively easy to calculate the diffraction pattern, but it was difficult to go the other way (from the diffraction pattern to the structure) if nothing was known a priori about the arrangement of atoms in the unit cell. It was important to develop some guidelines for guessing the coordination numbers and bonding geometries of atoms in crystals. The first such rules were proposed by Linus Pauling, who considered how one might pack together oppositely charged spheres of different radii. Pauling proposed from geometric considerations that the quality of the "fit" depended on the radius ratio of the anion and the cation. If the anion is considered as the packing atom in the crystal, then the smaller catin fills interstitial sites ("holes"). Cations will find arrangements in which they can contact the largest number of anions. If the cation can touch all of its nearest neighbour anions then the fit is good. If the cation is too small for a given site, that coordination number will be unstable and it will prefer a lower coordination structure. The table below gives the ranges of cation/anion radius ratios that give the best fit for a given coordination geometry. {:("Coordiantion number","Geometry",rho =(r_("cation"))/(r_("amion"))),(2,"linear",0-0.155),(3,"triangular",0.155 - 0.225),(4,"tetrahedral",0.225 - 0.414),(4,"square planar",0.414 - 0.732),(6,"octahedral",0.414 - 0.732),(8,"cubic",0.732 - 1.0),(12,"cuboctahedral",1.0):} (Source : Ionic Radii and Radius Ratios. (2021, June 8). Retrieved June 29, 2021, from https://chem.ibretexts.org/@go/page/183346) A solid AB has square planar structure. If the radius of cation A^(+) is 120 pm, calculate the maximum possible value of anion B^(-) .

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