In Villages, people often wash their clothes with well water. They have to rub a lot of soap before lather is formed. This is because well water is hard water. Thus, a lot of soap is wasted. However, if they use detergent powder in place of soap, lather is formed easily and wastage is less.
Now, answer the following questions :
(i) What values are expressed in the above paragraph?
(ii) Why soap does not form lather with hard water?

Explanation

(i) The values expressed in the above paragraph are that wherever water is hard, we should use detergent powder in place of soap for washing of clothes.
(ii) Hard water contains `Ca^(2+)` ions and `Mg^(2+)` ions. Soaps are sodium salts of highers fatty acids, i.e., have the formula `RCOONa`. Soap first reacts with `Ca^(2+)` and `Mg^(2+)` ion till they are removed from water
`2 RCOONa + Ca^(2+) rarr (RCOO)_(2)Ca + 2 Na^(+)`
`2 RCOONa + Mg^(2+) rarr (RCOO)_(2)Mg + 2 Na^(+)`
Now, the water becomes soft and