Which of the following complexes have tetrahedral shape ?

Options

A. `[Cu(NH_(3))_(4)]^(2+)`
B. `[Ni(CO)_(4)]`
C. `[NiCl_(4)]^(2-)`
D. `[Zn(NH_(3))_(4)]^(2+)`

Answer

To determine which of the given complexes have a tetrahedral shape, we will analyze each complex one by one, focusing on their electronic configurations and hybridization.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Complexes:**
- The complexes we need to analyze are:
1. Copper(II) tetraammine \([Cu(NH_3)_4]^{2+}\)
2. Nickel tetracarbonyl \([Ni(CO)_4]\)
3. Nickel(II) chloride \([NiCl_4]^{2-}\)
4. Zinc tetraammine \([Zn(NH_3)_4]^{2+}\)

2. **Analyze Copper(II) Tetraammine \([Cu(NH_3)_4]^{2+}\):**
- Copper in this complex is in the +2 oxidation state. Its electron configuration is \([Ar] 3d^9\).
- Ammonia (NH₃) is a strong field ligand, which causes pairing of electrons.
- The hybridization is \(dsp^2\), which corresponds to a square planar geometry, **not tetrahedral**.

3. **Analyze Nickel Tetracarbonyl \([Ni(CO)_4]\):**
- Nickel is in the zero oxidation state, with an electron configuration of \([Ar] 4s^2 3d^8\).
- Carbon monoxide (CO) is a strong field ligand, leading to pairing of electrons.
- The hybridization is \(sp^3\), which corresponds to a tetrahedral geometry. **This complex is tetrahedral.**

4. **Analyze Nickel(II) Chloride \([NiCl_4]^{2-}\):**
- Nickel is in the +2 oxidation state, with an electron configuration of \([Ar] 3d^8\).
- Chloride (Cl⁻) is a weak field ligand, so no pairing occurs.
- The hybridization is \(sp^3\), which corresponds to a tetrahedral geometry. **This complex is tetrahedral.**

5. **Analyze Zinc Tetraammine \([Zn(NH_3)_4]^{2+}\):**
- Zinc is in the +2 oxidation state, with an electron configuration of \([Ar] 3d^{10}\).
- Ammonia (NH₃) is a neutral strong field ligand, but since zinc has a full d-orbital, it does not cause pairing.
- The hybridization is \(sp^3\), which corresponds to a tetrahedral geometry. **This complex is tetrahedral.**

### Conclusion:
The complexes that have a tetrahedral shape are:
- Nickel tetracarbonyl \([Ni(CO)_4]\)
- Nickel(II) chloride \([NiCl_4]^{2-}\)
- Zinc tetraammine \([Zn(NH_3)_4]^{2+}\)