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Elimination reaction (especially beta - ...

Elimination reaction (especially `beta` - elimination) are as common as the nucleophilic substitution reaction in case of alkyl halides. Specify the reagents used in both cases.

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Both elimination reactions (particularly `beta`-elimination reactions) and nucleophilic substitution reactions occur simultaneously. However, by a proper choice of reagents and reaction conditions, we can make one reaction to predominate over the other. Usually strong and bulkier bases and high temperature favour elimination reactions whereas weaker and smaller bases and lower temperature favour substitution reactions. For example, ethyl bromide on heating with alcoholic KOH (which contains the stronger base `C_(2)H_(5)O^(-)` ion) at about 473-523K undergoes elimination to give ethene while with aqueous KOH at about 373K it gives ethanol.
`underset("Ethanol")(CH_(3)CH_(2)OH) underset("373K (Substitution)")overset(KOH(aq))to underset("Ethyl bromide")(CH_(3)CH_(2)Br) underset("473-523K (Elimination)")overset(KOH(alc))to underset("Ethene")(CH_(2)=CH_(2))`
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Knowledge Check

  • In their nucleophilic substitution reactions, aryl halide resembles

    A
    vinyl chloride
    B
    Allyl chloride
    C
    benzyl chloride
    D
    Ethyl chloride
  • Substitution reactions of alkyl halide are initiated by,

    A
    electrophile
    B
    nucleophile
    C
    free readical
    D
    none of these
  • Aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction as compared to alkyl halides due to

    A
    the formation of less stable carbonium ion
    B
    resonance stabilization
    C
    longer carbon-halogen bond
    D
    the inductive effect
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