Write the structures of the major products expected from the following reactions:
(a) Mononitration of 3-methylphenol
(b) Dinitration of 3-methylphenol
(c) Mononitration of phenyl methanoate.

Explanation

(a) Both OH and `CH_(3)` groups are o,p-directing. Therefore, positions 2,4 and 6 are activated but due to steric hindrance substitution does not occur at a position in between the two groups, i.e., position 2. consequently, electrophilic substitutio occurs at 4 and 6 positions giving a mixture of products.

(c) `OCOCH_(3)` is o, p-directing. however, due to steric hindrance, p-product predominates. thus,