On commercial scale, phenol is obtained from chlorobenzene by raschig's process. Which one of the following is Raschig's process?

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Answer

To answer the question regarding Raschig's process for obtaining phenol from chlorobenzene, we can break down the explanation step by step:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Raschig's Process**: Raschig's process is a method used to convert chlorobenzene into phenol. This process involves the reaction of chlorobenzene with specific reagents under controlled conditions.

2. **Reagents Involved**: In Raschig's process, chlorobenzene is treated with a mixture of benzene vapors, air (which provides oxygen), and hydrogen chloride (HCl).

3. **Reaction Conditions**: The reaction typically occurs at high temperatures, around 500 °C. This high temperature is necessary to facilitate the reaction between the reagents.

4. **Chemical Reaction**: The overall reaction can be summarized as follows:
- Chlorobenzene (C6H5Cl) reacts with water (H2O) in the presence of oxygen and hydrogen chloride.
- This reaction leads to the formation of phenol (C6H5OH) and other by-products.

5. **Final Product**: The main product of Raschig's process is phenol, which is a valuable chemical used in various industrial applications.

6. **Conclusion**: Therefore, Raschig's process is a method of converting chlorobenzene into phenol using benzene vapors, air, and hydrogen chloride at elevated temperatures.

### Final Answer:
Raschig's process is the method of obtaining phenol from chlorobenzene by reacting it with benzene vapors, air, and hydrogen chloride at high temperatures (around 500 °C).

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