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Write down functional isomers of a carbo...

Write down functional isomers of a carbonyl compound with molecular formula `C_(3)H_(6)O`. Which isomer will react faster with HCN and why? Explain the mechanism of the reaction also. Will the reaction lead to the completion with the conversion of whole reactant into product at reaction conditions? if a strong acid is added to the reaction mixture what will be the effect on concentration of the product and why?

Text Solution

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The functional isomers of the carbonyl compound with MF `C_(3)H_(6)O` are:
`underset("Propanal (I)")(CH_(3)-CH_(2)-overset(O)overset(||)(C)-H)" "underset("Propanone (II)")(CH_(3)-overset(O)overset(||)(C)-CH_(3))`.
Due to less +I-effect of one `CH_(3)CH_(2)` group as compared to two `CH_(3)` groups in `CH_(3)COCH_(3)` and less steric hindrance, compound I, `(CH_(3)CH_(2)CHO)` will react faster with HCN than compound II `(CH_(3)COCH_(3))`. The reaction will not proceed to completion since it is a reversible reaction. addition of strong acid inhibits the reaction because the formation of `CN^(-)` from HCN is prevented.
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