(i)10 g of lead on heating gave 10.78 g of litharge, PbO. (ii) 9.775 g of red lead `(Pb_(3)O_(4))` yielded on strong heating 9.545 g of litharge. (iii) 4.87 g of lead peroxide `(PbO_(2))` gave on heating 4.545 g of litharge.
Show that these results illustrate the law of multiple proportions.

Explanation

To illustrate the law of multiple proportions using the given data, we will follow these steps:

### Step 1: Calculate the mass of oxygen in each reaction.

1. **For the first reaction:**
- Mass of lead (Pb) = 10 g
- Mass of litharge (PbO) = 10.78 g
- Mass of oxygen (O) = Mass of PbO - Mass of Pb = 10.78 g - 10 g = 0.78 g
...