Discuss the modifications of mitosis and meiosis.

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

**Step 1: Define Mitosis and Meiosis**
- Mitosis is known as multiplication division, where one cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells. It primarily occurs in somatic (body) cells.
- Meiosis is known as reduction division, where one cell divides to produce four genetically diverse haploid cells. This process occurs in germ (sex) cells.

**Step 2: Identify the Purpose of Each Process**
- The purpose of mitosis is for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. It maintains the chromosome number.
- The purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes (sperm and eggs) for sexual reproduction, reducing the chromosome number by half.

**Step 3: Discuss the Modifications in Mitosis**
- In mitosis, the main modification is the segregation of chromosomes. Each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes, ensuring genetic consistency.
- Mitosis involves a single division cycle (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase) without any reduction in chromosome number.

**Step 4: Discuss the Modifications in Meiosis**
- Meiosis consists of two rounds of division: Meiosis I and Meiosis II.
- In Meiosis I, homologous chromosomes are separated, leading to a reduction in chromosome number (from diploid to haploid).
- In Meiosis II, sister chromatids are separated, similar to mitosis, but the cells are already haploid.
- Meiosis introduces genetic diversity through processes like crossing over (exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes) and independent assortment (random distribution of chromosomes to gametes).

**Step 5: Summarize the Key Differences**
- Mitosis results in two identical diploid cells, while meiosis results in four genetically diverse haploid cells.
- Mitosis is a single division process, whereas meiosis involves two rounds of division.
- Mitosis is involved in growth and repair, while meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction.