Origirl of human probably occurred in central Asia. Which of the following statements may be a reason for this ? I. Asia is rich in domesticated animals and plants. II. Climatic conditons of Asian places were most favourable for human evolution. III. The oldest known fossils have been originated from Asia. IV. Human fossils are found only at these places.

Read the passages given below and answer the questions that follow them: 1. Scientists who study the rocks, minerals, landforms, and the history of the earth can tell what kind of plants and animals lived on the earth a long time ago. These scientists are called geologists. One way that they are able to do this is by the study of fossils. Fossils may be the actual remains of plants or animals, impressions of them in rock, or the tracks of animals as they walked or crawled. 2. Most fossils are formed in the waters covering the continental shelves, in warm, shallow, inland, seas, and in large swamps that covered large parts of the land in post geologic time. When the animals of these waters die, their remains are deposited on the floor of the water body where the fleshy part of the animal decays. The skeletal portion of the body is partially replaced by minerals and other sediments. If this takes place in just the right manner, a fossil is formed. Since rock sediments are involved in the formation of fossils, it is not surprising that one finds many fossils in sedimentary rock layers. Plant fossils are found in the areas that were once swamps. There are four principal kinds of fossils: original remains, replaced remains, moulds and casts, and impressions. 3. In some instances, fossils represent the actual remains of plants and animals. On the shores of the Baltic Sea in Europe, insects of millions of years ago have been found perfectly preserved in the hardened resin of pine trees upon which they crawled. This hardened resin is called Amber. Other examples of original remains are the shells of shellfish which become consolidated or pressed together to form fossil varieties of limestone, and the bones and teeth of dinosaurs and other ancient animals. 4. Another type of original remains may be found at Rancho La Brea, near Los Angeles, California, where there are asphalt pits containing the bones of thousands of animals. They were caught while looking for water or trying to cross the oil-covered lakes of asphalt. As they cried out in their death struggle, their enemies were attracted to the sticky mass and also trapped. Then the bodies sank down into the asphalt. 5. Many fossils no longer contain the original materials of which they were made, although they may look unchanged. Groundwater may replace the lime shells and bones with such hard minerals as silica and iron pyrite. The petrified trees of Arizona are an example of this formation. They were formed when groundwater slowly replaced the decaying wood of these buried trees and silica. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the questions The most appropriate antonym of the word 'deep’ in para 2 is:

Read the passages given below and answer the questions that follow them: 1. Scientists who study the rocks, minerals, landforms, and the history of the earth can tell what kind of plants and animals lived on the earth a long time ago. These scientists are called geologists. One way that they are able to do this is by the study of fossils. Fossils may be the actual remains of plants or animals, impressions of them in rock, or the tracks of animals as they walked or crawled. 2. Most fossils are formed in the waters covering the continental shelves, in warm, shallow, inland, seas, and in large swamps that covered large parts of the land in post geologic time. When the animals of these waters die, their remains are deposited on the floor of the water body where the fleshy part of the animal decays. The skeletal portion of the body is partially replaced by minerals and other sediments. If this takes place in just the right manner, a fossil is formed. Since rock sediments are involved in the formation of fossils, it is not surprising that one finds many fossils in sedimentary rock layers. Plant fossils are found in the areas that were once swamps. There are four principal kinds of fossils: original remains, replaced remains, moulds and casts, and impressions. 3. In some instances, fossils represent the actual remains of plants and animals. On the shores of the Baltic Sea in Europe, insects of millions of years ago have been found perfectly preserved in the hardened resin of pine trees upon which they crawled. This hardened resin is called Amber. Other examples of original remains are the shells of shellfish which become consolidated or pressed together to form fossil varieties of limestone, and the bones and teeth of dinosaurs and other ancient animals. 4. Another type of original remains may be found at Rancho La Brea, near Los Angeles, California, where there are asphalt pits containing the bones of thousands of animals. They were caught while looking for water or trying to cross the oil-covered lakes of asphalt. As they cried out in their death struggle, their enemies were attracted to the sticky mass and also trapped. Then the bodies sank down into the asphalt. 5. Many fossils no longer contain the original materials of which they were made, although they may look unchanged. Groundwater may replace the lime shells and bones with such hard minerals as silica and iron pyrite. The petrified trees of Arizona are an example of this formation. They were formed when groundwater slowly replaced the decaying wood of these buried trees and silica. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the questions Who are geologists and what is their job?

Read the passages given below and answer the questions that follow them: 1. Scientists who study the rocks, minerals, landforms, and the history of the earth can tell what kind of plants and animals lived on the earth a long time ago. These scientists are called geologists. One way that they are able to do this is by the study of fossils. Fossils may be the actual remains of plants or animals, impressions of them in rock, or the tracks of animals as they walked or crawled. 2. Most fossils are formed in the waters covering the continental shelves, in warm, shallow, inland, seas, and in large swamps that covered large parts of the land in post geologic time. When the animals of these waters die, their remains are deposited on the floor of the water body where the fleshy part of the animal decays. The skeletal portion of the body is partially replaced by minerals and other sediments. If this takes place in just the right manner, a fossil is formed. Since rock sediments are involved in the formation of fossils, it is not surprising that one finds many fossils in sedimentary rock layers. Plant fossils are found in the areas that were once swamps. There are four principal kinds of fossils: original remains, replaced remains, moulds and casts, and impressions. 3. In some instances, fossils represent the actual remains of plants and animals. On the shores of the Baltic Sea in Europe, insects of millions of years ago have been found perfectly preserved in the hardened resin of pine trees upon which they crawled. This hardened resin is called Amber. Other examples of original remains are the shells of shellfish which become consolidated or pressed together to form fossil varieties of limestone, and the bones and teeth of dinosaurs and other ancient animals. 4. Another type of original remains may be found at Rancho La Brea, near Los Angeles, California, where there are asphalt pits containing the bones of thousands of animals. They were caught while looking for water or trying to cross the oil-covered lakes of asphalt. As they cried out in their death struggle, their enemies were attracted to the sticky mass and also trapped. Then the bodies sank down into the asphalt. 5. Many fossils no longer contain the original materials of which they were made, although they may look unchanged. Groundwater may replace the lime shells and bones with such hard minerals as silica and iron pyrite. The petrified trees of Arizona are an example of this formation. They were formed when groundwater slowly replaced the decaying wood of these buried trees and silica. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the questions Give your comments on the petrified trees of Arizona.

Read the passages given below and answer the questions that follow them: 1. Scientists who study the rocks, minerals, landforms, and the history of the earth can tell what kind of plants and animals lived on the earth a long time ago. These scientists are called geologists. One way that they are able to do this is by the study of fossils. Fossils may be the actual remains of plants or animals, impressions of them in rock, or the tracks of animals as they walked or crawled. 2. Most fossils are formed in the waters covering the continental shelves, in warm, shallow, inland, seas, and in large swamps that covered large parts of the land in post geologic time. When the animals of these waters die, their remains are deposited on the floor of the water body where the fleshy part of the animal decays. The skeletal portion of the body is partially replaced by minerals and other sediments. If this takes place in just the right manner, a fossil is formed. Since rock sediments are involved in the formation of fossils, it is not surprising that one finds many fossils in sedimentary rock layers. Plant fossils are found in the areas that were once swamps. There are four principal kinds of fossils: original remains, replaced remains, moulds and casts, and impressions. 3. In some instances, fossils represent the actual remains of plants and animals. On the shores of the Baltic Sea in Europe, insects of millions of years ago have been found perfectly preserved in the hardened resin of pine trees upon which they crawled. This hardened resin is called Amber. Other examples of original remains are the shells of shellfish which become consolidated or pressed together to form fossil varieties of limestone, and the bones and teeth of dinosaurs and other ancient animals. 4. Another type of original remains may be found at Rancho La Brea, near Los Angeles, California, where there are asphalt pits containing the bones of thousands of animals. They were caught while looking for water or trying to cross the oil-covered lakes of asphalt. As they cried out in their death struggle, their enemies were attracted to the sticky mass and also trapped. Then the bodies sank down into the asphalt. 5. Many fossils no longer contain the original materials of which they were made, although they may look unchanged. Groundwater may replace the lime shells and bones with such hard minerals as silica and iron pyrite. The petrified trees of Arizona are an example of this formation. They were formed when groundwater slowly replaced the decaying wood of these buried trees and silica. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the questions In para 1, the synonym of ‘marks’ is:

Refer to the given figures P, Q, R and S. Which of the following statements are correct regarding them? P is the mould from which penicillin is made. (ii) Ris considered as connecting link between plants and animals. (iii) Q and S are parasites which live in the bodies of other organisms including human beings. (iv) R and S bear chlorophyll and prepare food in the presence of sunlight. (v) S is colonial form of algae.

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