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Bluk of oxygen diffuses from the plasma ...

Bluk of oxygen diffuses from the plasma into the red blood corpuscles where it joins loosly with `Fe^(2+)` ions of hemoglobin `(Hb)` to form bright red oxyhaemoglobin `(HbO_(2))`. The process is called

A

oxidation

B

oxgenation

C

hydration

D

dehydrogenation

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The correct Answer is:
B
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[A] : Chordates have an oxygen carrying pigment called haemoglobin . It is always present in red blood corpuscles . [R] : Non-chordates have either no haemoglobin or if it is present , it is present in plasma . Non-chordates require very little oxygen as compared to chordates for their body functions.

Which of the following statements are true/false A.The blood transports CO_(2) comparatively easily because of its higher solubility B.Approximately 8.9% of CO_(2) is transported being dissovled in the plasma of blood C. The carbon dioxide produced by the tissues, diffuses passively into the blood stream and passes into red blood corpsucles and react with water to form H_(2)CO_(3) D.The chlorde ions diffuse from palsma into the erythrocytes to maintain ionic balance

Oxygen is of vital importance for all of us . Oxygen enters the body via the lungs and is transported to the tissues in our body by blood . There it can deliver energy by the oxidation of sugars. C_(6)H_(12)O_(6) + 6O_(2) rarr 6CO_(2) + 6H_(2)O This reaction releases 400 KJ of energy per mole of oxygen O_(2) uptake by blood is at four heme (Hm) group in this protein hemoglobin (Hb). Free Hm consists of an Fe^(2+) giving HmO_(2) complex. Carbon monoxides can be complexed similarily giving a Hm CO complex . CO is poison as it bonds more strongly to Hm than O_(2) does. The equilibrium constant K_(f) for the reaction: Hm+ CO hArr HCO " "........(i) is 1000 times larger than the equilibrium constant K_(2) for the reaction: Hm + CO_(2) hArr HmO_(2)" " ........(ii) Each Hb molecules can take up four molecules of O_(2) absorbs a fraction of this amount, depending on the oxygen pressure , as shown in figure1 (curve 1) . Also shown are the curve (2) and (3) for blood with two kinds of dificient Hb . These occur in patients with certain hereditary diseases. Relevant data , O_(2) pressure in lungs is 15 KPa , in the muscles it is 2KPa . The maximum flow of blood through heart and lungs is 4 xx 10^(-4)m^(-3)s^(-1) . The red cells in blood occupy 40% of the volume, inside the cells the concentration of Hb has a molar mass of 64 kg "mol"^(-1) R=8.314 J "mol"^(-1) K^(-1) , T=298k . Using the relation between K and the standard Gibbs energy DeltaG^(@) for a reaction, calculated the difference between the DeltaG^(@) values for the home reactions (i) and (ii).

Read the passage given below and answer the question: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things. ATP captures chemical energy obtained from the breakdown of food molecules and releases it to fuel other cellular processes. ATP is a nucleotide that consists of three main structures: the nitrogenous base, adenine, the sugar, ribose, and a chain of three phosphate groups bound to ribose. The phosphate tail of ATP is the actual power source which the cell taps. Available energy is contained in the bonds between the phosphates and is released when they are broken, which occurs through the addition of a water molecule (a process called hydrolysis). Usually only the outer phosphate is removed from ATP to yield energy, when this occurs ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), the form of the nucleotide having only two phosphates. The importance of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) as the main source of chemical energy in living matter and its involvement in cellular processes has long been recognized. The primary mechanism whereby higher organisms, including humans, generate ATP is through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. For the majority of organs, the main metabolic fuel is glucose, which in the presence of oxygen undergoes complete combustion to CO_2 and H_2O : C_6H_(12)O_6 + 6O_2 rarr 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + "energy" The free energy (AG) liberated in this exergonic (AG is negative) reaction is partially trapped as ATP in two consecutive processes: glycolysis (cytosol) and oxidative phosphorylation (mitochondria). The first produces 2 mol of ATP per mol of glucose, and the second 36 mol of ATP per mol of glucose. Thus, oxidative phosphorylation yields 17-18 times as much useful energy in the form of ATP as can be obtained from the same amount of glucose by glycolysis alone. The efficiency of glucose metabolism is the ratio of amount of energy produced when 1 mol of glucose oxidised in cell to the enthalpy of combustion of glucose. The energy lost in the process is in the form of heat. This heat is responsible for keeping us warm. (source: Erecińska, M., & Silver, 1. A. (1989). ATP and Brain Function. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 9(1), 2-19. "https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm." 1989.2 and "https://www.britannica.com/science/adenosine-triphosphate" ) What is the efficiency of glucose metabolism if 1 mole of glucose gives 38ATP energy?(Given: The enthalpy of combustion of glucose is 686 kcal, 1ATP= 7.3kcal)

The constant motion and high velocities of gas particles lead to some important practical consquences. One such consquences is that gases mix rapidly when they come in contact. Take the stopper off a bottle of perfume, for instance, and the odour will spread rapidly through the room as perfume molecules mix with the molecules in the air. This mixing of different gases by random molecular motion and with frequent collision is called diffusion. A similar process in which gas molecules escape without collision through a tiny hole into a vacuum is called effusion. Both the processes follow Graham's law which is mathematically put as r prop sqrt(1//d) . The average distance travelled by molecules between successive collisions is called mean free path. Answer the following questions on the basis of the above information: When CO_(2) under high pressure is released from a fire extinguisher, particles of solid CO_(2) are formed, despite the low sublimation temperature (-77^(@)C) at 1 atm because

The number of carbon atoms in exactly 12 g C^(12) is called Avogadro's number , N_(A) (6.022 xx 10^(23)) . One mole is the amount of material which contains Avogradro's number of particle. These definitions emphasize that the mole refers to a fixed number of NA^(+) b Avogadro's number of atoms , electrons to refer to a mole of helium , a mole of electrons , or a mole of NA^(+) by Avogadro's number of atoms, electrons or ions respectively. On the other hand, phrases like "one mole of hydrogen" can be ambiguous , and should be restated as "one mole of hydroden atoms" or " one mole fo hydrogen molecules." But it is a matter of common practice among chemists , however , to let the name of the element stand for its mos common form. Thus one mole of O_(2) is frequently referred to as one mole of oxygen , whereas one moles of O is called one mole of oxygen atoms. Suppose if we take one mole molecules fo H_(2)SO_(4) then it contain 2 moles of H atom 1 mole of S atom and 4 moles of O atom. It can also be said that moles of oxygen molecules is (4)/(2) =2 mole. From a container having 64 g Oxygen , 11 .35 L oxygen gas at STP and 6.022 xx 10^(23) oxygen atoms are removed . Find the mass fo the oxygen gas left:

The number of carbon atoms in exactly 12 g C^(12) is called Avogadro's number , N_(A) (6.022 xx 10^(23)) . One mole is the amount of material which contains Avogradro's number of particle. These definitions emphasize that the mole refers to a fixed number of NA^(+) b Avogadro's number of atoms , electrons to refer to a mole of helium , a mole of electrons , or a mole of NA^(+) by Avogadro's number of atoms, electrons or ions respectively. On the other hand, phrases like "one mole of hydrogen" can be ambiguous , and should be restated as "one mole of hydroden atoms" or " one mole fo hydrogen molecules." But it is a matter of common practice among chemists , however , to let the name of the element stand for its mos common form. Thus one mole of O_(2) is frequently referred to as one mole of oxygen , whereas one moles of O is called one mole of oxygen atoms. Suppose if we take one mole molecules fo H_(2)SO_(4) then it contain 2 moles of H atom 1 mole of S atom and 4 moles of O atom. It can also be said that moles of oxygen molecules is (4)/(2) =2 mole. From a mixture of 4 moles Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2) , 5 moles of p_(4)O_(10) and 6 moles of H_(3)PO_(3) , all the phosphourus atoms are removed . Then moles of P_(4) molecules formed from all these atoms are:

NCERT FINGERTIPS-BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES-Breathing And Exchange Of Gases
  1. The carbon dioxide is transported via blood to lungs mostly

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  2. Blood carries the CO(2) in three forms. The correct percentages of CO(...

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  3. Bluk of oxygen diffuses from the plasma into the red blood corpuscles ...

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  4. One haemoglobin carries how many molecules of O(2) ?

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  5. The oxygen dissociation curve is

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  6. Which of the following is incorrect about the given graph ?

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  7. The given graph shows an oxygen dissociation curve for haemoglobin. ...

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  8. When temperature decrease, oxy-Hb curve becomes

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  9. Which of the following factors is not favourable for the formation of ...

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  10. Consider for following four statements and select the correct option s...

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  11. After taking a long deep breath we do not respire for some seconds due...

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  12. A large proportion of oxygen remain unused in the human blood even aft...

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  13. In the tissues, high concentrations of carbon dioxide

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  14. Fetal haemoglobin has X affinity for oxygen than that of mother's haem...

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  15. Statement 1 : About 70% of CO(2) that enters RBCs changes into HCO(3)^...

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  16. Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the c...

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  17. The enzyme that increases the reaction rate between CO(2) and H(2)O i...

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  18. Which of the following equations is correct ?

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  19. People living at sea level have around 5 million RBC per cubic millime...

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  20. During CO(2) transport, HCO(3)^(-) diffuses from erythrocytes to plas...

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