A pair of parallel horizontal conducting rails of negligible resistance shorted at one end is fixed on a table. The distance between the rails is L. A conducting massless rod of resistance R can slide on the rails frictionlessly. The rod is tied to a massless string which passes over a pulley fixed to the edge of the table, A mass m, tied to the other end of the string hanges vertically. A constant magnetic field B exists perpendicular to the table. If the system is released from rest, calculate.
(i) the terminal velocity achieved by the rod, and
the acceleration of the mass at the instant when the velocity of the rod is half the terminal velocity.

Explanation

Let at some instant velocity of rod is `v` .
Induced emf `e=BvL`
induced current `I=(e)/(R)=(BvL)/(R)` , anticlockwise
Magnetic force on rod, `F_(m)=BIL=(B^(2)vL^(2))/(R)` , towards left
(a) Terminal velocity i.e. constant velocity i.e. net force=0
`mg=F_(m)=(B^(2)vL^(2))/(R)`
`v=v_(T)=(mgR)/(B^(2)L^(2))`
(b) When `v=(v_(T))/(2)` ,
`F_(m)'=(B^(2)vL^(2))/(2R)=(mg)/(2)`
`mg-F'_(m)=ma`
`mg-(mg)/(2)=ma`
`a=(g)/(2)`