In protein synthesis, Which of the following are required for the synthesis of charged tRNA ?

Options

A. Amino acid , GTP initiation codon , ribosome
B. Amino acid, ATP,Mg^(++)`, enzyme , tRNA
C. Amino acid ATP `K^(+)`, enzyme , mRNA
D. Aminoacyl tRNA, ribosome , inititaion codon, release factor.

Answer

To determine the components required for the synthesis of charged tRNA during protein synthesis, we need to analyze the options provided and identify the correct elements involved in the process. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the solution:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Charged tRNA**:
Charged tRNA refers to tRNA that has an amino acid attached to it. This process is known as tRNA charging or aminoacylation.

2. **Components Required for tRNA Charging**:
- **Amino Acid**: This is the specific amino acid that the tRNA will carry.
- **ATP**: Adenosine triphosphate provides the energy required for the charging process.
- **Enzyme (Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase)**: This enzyme catalyzes the reaction that attaches the amino acid to the tRNA.
- **Magnesium Ions (Mg²⁺)**: These ions are often required as cofactors for the enzymatic reaction.

3. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Option 1**: Amino Acid, GTP, Initiation Codon, and Ribosome.
- This option is incorrect because GTP and ribosomes are not directly involved in the charging of tRNA.
- **Option 2**: Amino Acid, ATP, Magnesium ions, Enzyme, and tRNA.
- This option is correct as it includes all necessary components for charging tRNA.
- **Option 3**: Amino Acid, ATP, Potassium ions, Enzyme, and mRNA.
- This option is incorrect because potassium ions are not required for the charging of tRNA, and while mRNA is involved in protein synthesis, it is not required for the charging process.
- **Option 4**: Amino Acid, tRNA, Ribosome, Initiation Codon, and Release Factor.
- This option is incorrect because it includes components that are not necessary for the charging of tRNA.

4. **Conclusion**:
The correct answer is **Option 2**: Amino Acid, ATP, Magnesium ions, Enzyme, and tRNA.