Let `A={1,\ 2,\ 3}` and `R={(1,\ 2),\ (1,\ 1),\ (2,\ 3)}` be a relation on `A` . What minimum number of ordered pairs may be added to `R` so that it may become a transitive relation on `A` .

Explanation

A relation `R` is transitive when
$$ (a, b) \in R \text { and }(b, c) \in R \text {, } $$
Then, `(a, c) \in R`.


Неге,
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