The interdependent evolution of flowering plants and pollinating insects together is known as

Options

A. mutualism
B. co-evolution
C. commensalism
D. co-operation.

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Text Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks for the term that describes the interdependent evolution of flowering plants and pollinating insects. This relationship is significant in ecology and evolutionary biology.

2. **Defining Co-evolution**: The term that describes the mutual evolutionary influence between two species is known as "co-evolution." In this context, flowering plants and pollinating insects have evolved together, influencing each other's adaptations.

3. **Explaining Adaptations**: Both flowering plants and pollinating insects exhibit adaptations that enhance their survival and reproductive success. For example, flowers may develop specific shapes, colors, and scents to attract particular pollinators, while insects may evolve specialized mouthparts to access nectar.

4. **Selection Pressure**: The relationship between flowering plants and pollinating insects creates selection pressures that drive the evolution of both groups. For instance, plants that attract more effective pollinators may produce more offspring, while insects that can efficiently gather nectar from specific flowers may have better survival rates.

5. **Mutualism**: The interaction between flowering plants and pollinating insects is a form of mutualism, where both parties benefit. Plants receive pollination services, while insects gain food resources.

6. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the interdependent evolution of flowering plants and pollinating insects is best described by the term "co-evolution."

**Final Answer**: The interdependent evolution of flowering plants and pollinating insects together is known as **co-evolution**.

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