What is an equipotential surface? Show that the electric field is always normal to an equipotential surface.

Equipotential surfaces

Show that electric field intensity is normal to equipotential surface.

Depict the equipotential surfaces due to an electric dipoel.

Can two equipotential surfaces intersect?

Explain— Electric field lines cut the equipotential surface normally.

Angle between an equipotential surface and electric lines of force is

Angle between an equipotential surface and electric lines of force is

Explain why, for any charge configuration the equipotential surface through a point is normal to the electric field at that point. Draw a sketch of equipotential surfaces due to a single charge (-q), depicting the electric field lines due to the charge.

A hollow charged conductor has a tiny hole cut into its surface. Show that the electric field in the hole is (sigma//2epsilon_0)overset^n ,where overset^n is the unit vector in the outward normal direction, and sigma is the surface charge density near the hole.