Which of the following Lewis diagram is incorrect?

Options

A. `Na^(+)[:overset(..)underset(..)O-overset(..)underset(..)Cl:]^(-)`
B. `{:(" ":overset(..)Cl":"),(" |"),(":"overset(..)underset(..)Cl-C-overset(..)underset(..)Cl":"),(" |"),(" ":underset(..)Cl":"):}`
C. `[H-overset(H)overset(|)underset(H)underset(|)N-H]^(+)[:overset(..)underset(..)S]^(2-)`
D. `H-overset(H)overset(|)underset(..)N-overset(H)overset(|)underset(..)N-H`

Explanation

To determine which Lewis diagram is incorrect, we will analyze each option step by step, focusing on the octet rule and the number of valence electrons around each atom.

### Step 1: Analyze the Lewis Diagram for OCl⁻
- **Valence Electrons**: Oxygen has 6 valence electrons, and Chlorine has 7 valence electrons. The negative charge indicates that one extra electron is added to the total count.
- **Total Electrons**: 6 (O) + 7 (Cl) + 1 (extra electron) = 14 electrons.
- **Lewis Structure**:
- Oxygen shares 2 electrons with Chlorine, forming a single bond.
- Oxygen will have 6 dots (representing its 6 valence electrons) and Chlorine will have 8 electrons (7 + 1 from the bond).
- **Octet Check**:
- Oxygen has 8 electrons (satisfied).
- Chlorine has 8 electrons (satisfied).
- **Conclusion**: This diagram is correct.

### Step 2: Analyze the Lewis Diagram for CCl₂
- **Valence Electrons**: Carbon has 4 valence electrons, and each Chlorine has 7 valence electrons.
- **Total Electrons**: 4 (C) + 2 × 7 (Cl) = 18 electrons.
- **Lewis Structure**:
- Carbon forms two single bonds with two Chlorine atoms.
- Each Chlorine will have 6 dots (6 valence electrons) plus 2 from the bond, totaling 8.
- **Octet Check**:
- Carbon has 8 electrons (satisfied).
- Each Chlorine has 8 electrons (satisfied).
- **Conclusion**: This diagram is correct.

### Step 3: Analyze the Lewis Diagram for NH₄⁺
- **Valence Electrons**: Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons, and each Hydrogen has 1 valence electron. The positive charge indicates the loss of one electron.
- **Total Electrons**: 5 (N) + 4 × 1 (H) - 1 (due to + charge) = 8 electrons.
- **Lewis Structure**:
- Nitrogen forms four single bonds with four Hydrogen atoms.
- **Octet Check**:
- Nitrogen has 8 electrons (satisfied).
- Each Hydrogen has 2 electrons (satisfied).
- **Conclusion**: This diagram is correct.

### Step 4: Analyze the Lewis Diagram for S²⁻
- **Valence Electrons**: Sulfur has 6 valence electrons. The negative charge indicates that two extra electrons are added.
- **Total Electrons**: 6 (S) + 2 (extra electrons) = 8 electrons.
- **Lewis Structure**:
- Sulfur should have 8 electrons around it, which means it should have 2 more electrons than its normal count.
- **Octet Check**:
- Sulfur should have 8 electrons, but if it is represented incorrectly (e.g., with fewer than 8), it violates the octet rule.
- **Conclusion**: This diagram is incorrect.

### Final Answer
The incorrect Lewis diagram is the one for S²⁻.

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