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Count the total number of unshared elect...

Count the total number of unshared electrons on `I_(3)^(-)=3`
Count the total number of `ppi-dpi` bonds in `PO_(4)^(3-)=y`
Count the total number of lone pairs in `XeF_(4)=z`
Hence, find the value of `x-z-y`

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To solve the problem step by step, we will break down each part of the question and calculate the required values. ### Step 1: Count the total number of unshared electrons on \( I_3^- \) (denote this as \( x \)) 1. **Determine the valence electrons of iodine**: Each iodine atom has 7 valence electrons. Since there are 3 iodine atoms, the total is \( 3 \times 7 = 21 \) electrons. 2. **Account for the negative charge**: The negative charge on \( I_3^- \) adds 1 more electron, bringing the total to \( 21 + 1 = 22 \) valence electrons. 3. **Draw the Lewis structure**: In \( I_3^- \), two iodine atoms are bonded to a central iodine atom. The central iodine forms 2 bonds (2 bond pairs), using 4 electrons. 4. **Calculate remaining electrons**: - Total electrons used in bonding: 4 (2 bonds) - Remaining electrons: \( 22 - 4 = 18 \) electrons. 5. **Distribute remaining electrons**: The remaining 18 electrons will be placed as lone pairs around the iodine atoms. Each lone pair consists of 2 electrons. - Each of the two terminal iodine atoms will have 3 lone pairs (6 electrons each). - The central iodine will have 3 lone pairs (6 electrons). 6. **Count unshared electrons**: - Total lone pairs: 3 (from each terminal iodine) + 3 (from central iodine) = 6 lone pairs. - Total unshared electrons: \( 6 \times 2 = 12 \) electrons. Thus, \( x = 12 \). ### Step 2: Count the total number of \( p\pi - d\pi \) bonds in \( PO_4^{3-} \) (denote this as \( y \)) 1. **Determine the valence electrons**: - Phosphorus has 5 valence electrons. - Each oxygen has 6 valence electrons, and there are 4 oxygens: \( 4 \times 6 = 24 \). - The negative charge \( (3-) \) adds 3 electrons: \( 5 + 24 + 3 = 32 \) total valence electrons. 2. **Draw the Lewis structure**: - Phosphorus will form 4 sigma bonds with the 4 oxygen atoms. - Each oxygen forms a single bond with phosphorus, consuming 8 electrons (4 bonds). 3. **Calculate remaining electrons**: - Remaining electrons: \( 32 - 8 = 24 \). 4. **Distribute remaining electrons**: Each oxygen atom will complete its octet by forming double bonds with phosphorus, which involves \( p\pi - d\pi \) bonding. 5. **Count \( p\pi - d\pi \) bonds**: - Each double bond between phosphorus and oxygen contributes 1 \( p\pi - d\pi \) bond. - Since there are 4 oxygen atoms, and phosphorus can form 4 bonds, we have 4 \( p\pi - d\pi \) bonds. Thus, \( y = 4 \). ### Step 3: Count the total number of lone pairs in \( XeF_4 \) (denote this as \( z \)) 1. **Determine the valence electrons**: - Xenon has 8 valence electrons. - Each fluorine has 7 valence electrons, and there are 4 fluorines: \( 4 \times 7 = 28 \). - Total valence electrons: \( 8 + 28 = 36 \). 2. **Draw the Lewis structure**: - Xenon forms 4 bonds with 4 fluorine atoms, using 8 electrons. 3. **Calculate remaining electrons**: - Remaining electrons: \( 36 - 8 = 28 \). 4. **Distribute remaining electrons**: The remaining electrons will be placed as lone pairs on the xenon atom. - Each lone pair consists of 2 electrons. - Xenon will have 2 lone pairs (4 electrons). Thus, \( z = 2 \). ### Final Calculation: Find the value of \( x - y - z \) Now we can calculate \( x - y - z \): - \( x = 12 \) - \( y = 4 \) - \( z = 2 \) So, \[ x - y - z = 12 - 4 - 2 = 6 \] ### Conclusion The final answer is \( 6 \).

To solve the problem step by step, we will break down each part of the question and calculate the required values. ### Step 1: Count the total number of unshared electrons on \( I_3^- \) (denote this as \( x \)) 1. **Determine the valence electrons of iodine**: Each iodine atom has 7 valence electrons. Since there are 3 iodine atoms, the total is \( 3 \times 7 = 21 \) electrons. 2. **Account for the negative charge**: The negative charge on \( I_3^- \) adds 1 more electron, bringing the total to \( 21 + 1 = 22 \) valence electrons. 3. **Draw the Lewis structure**: In \( I_3^- \), two iodine atoms are bonded to a central iodine atom. The central iodine forms 2 bonds (2 bond pairs), using 4 electrons. 4. **Calculate remaining electrons**: ...
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