How is using of toxic material affecting the ecosystem? Write a short note on bioaccumulation and biomagnifications.

Explanation

(A) Bioaccumulation:
(a) The process of entering of pollutants in a food chain is called bio-accumulation.
(b) Pesticides, herbicides and fungicides which are toxic in nature when they are sprayed on the crops, they are absorbed by the green plants along with water and nutrients.
(c) When herbivores consumed these plants, the toxic chemicals enter the bodies of the herbivores.
(d) Whenthe carnivores consume these herbivores, then these pesticides (or) toxic chemicals accumulate in their bodies.
(B). a). The tendency of pollutants to concentrate as they move from one trophic level to the next is known as"biomagnification"
b). Pesticides like DDT, BHC etc. accumulate at each trophic level as they are non-biodegradable.
(c) Being further concentrated at each step and the animals at top of pyramid may receive higher concentrations of toxic chemicals.