Explain how the elements are classified into S. p .d and f- block elements in the periodic table and give the advantage of this kind of classification .

Explanation

Depending on the type of orbital in which the differentiating electron enters , the elements are classified into s,p,d and f- block elements .
S - block elements
1) The elements of group IA and IIA belongs to S- block
2 ) Their differentiating electrons enters into S- orbital
3 ) Except hydrogen , all the S - block elements are metals
4 ) their general electrons configuration is `ns^(-1) ` to ` ns^(2) ` .
P - block elements :
1 ) The elements of group IIIA belongs oto p- block .
2 ) This differentiating electron enters into P- orbital .
3 ) Their general electronic configuration is `ns^(2) np^(1)` to `ns^(2) np ^(6) `
4 ) THe only P - block element in which the differentiating electron does not ether into P - orbital is He .
5) p - block contains metals non - metals and metalloids .
d - block elements :
1) The elements of group IB to VIIIB belongs to d - orbital .
2 ) their differentiating electron enters into (n-1) d orbital .
3 ) All the d - block elements are metals .
4 ) their general electronic configuration is (n-1 ) `d^(1-10 ) ns^(1 or 2) .`
5 ) The d - block elements are placed in between the s and p - block elements
F- block elements :
1 ) The lanthanides and Actinides whcih are placed below the periodic table are known as f - block elements .
2 ) Their differentiating electron enters into the ( n-2 ) f orbital
Advantages of this this kind of classification :
1) By knowing the block of the element .It is very easy to study the general behaviour and important properties of the elements .
Ex . if the element belongs to s - block , it means it must have 1 or electrons in outer most shell shell . hence it must have low value of IE . Strongly metallic and electropositive character and form cations easily .
ii ) It is easy to recognise the valence subshell of the atom .